Optimal Power Flow of AC-DC Power Grid Based on Bi-Level Programming Method

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000－7229.2016.12.012

Abstract

Abstract: This paper establishes the equivalent mathematical model of AC-DC power grid, and proposes the bi-level programming mathematical model for the optimal power flow (OPF) of AC-DC power grid. The upper objective function of the bi-level programming model is the minimization of total fuel costs, and sets the active power and reactive power as variables; the lower objective function is the minimum voltage offset between different nodes, and sets the taps position of transformer as variables. The upper and lower variables are interactional, alternative and iterative. We adopt the hybrid algorithm including the interior point method with tracking center path and the firefly algorithm to solve this model. The interior point method is used in the upper model, which can converge to the global optimal solution in short time. At the same time the firefly algorithm is used in the lower model, which can deal with discrete variables better. Finally, the simulation results of the IEEE 30 nodes system and IEEE 118 nodes system verify the validity and correctness of the bi-level programming algorithm. Through the power transmission way comparison between AC and DC line, the advantage of DC power transmission system is verified.

Key words: AC-DC hybrid transmission, bi-level programming, optimal power flow, interior point method, firefly algorithm

CLC Number:

TM 732

FAN Hong,CHEN Si, ZUO Luhao, ZHOU Xianyuan. Optimal Power Flow of AC-DC Power Grid Based on Bi-Level Programming Method[J]. Electric Power Construction, 2016, 37(12): 89-.

References

［1］刘振亚，张启平．国家电网发展模式研究［J］．中国电机工程学报，2013，33(7)：1-10，25．

LIU Zhenya，ZHANG Qiping．Study on the development mode of national power grid of China［J］．Proceedings of the CSEE，2013，33(7)：1-10，25．

［2］姚良忠，吴婧，王志冰，等．未来高压直流电网发展形态分析［J］．中国电机工程学报，2014，34(34)：6007-6020．

YAO Liangzhong，WU Jin，WANG Zhibing，et al．Pattern analysis of future HVDC grid development ［J］．Proceedings of the CSEE，2014，34(34)：6007-6020．

［3］谭涛亮，张尧．计及直流控制方式转换和换流变变比调整的交直流潮流算法研究［J］．电力系统保护与控制，2011，39(1)：40-45，52．

TAN Taoliang，ZHANG Yao． Study on AC/DC power flow algorithm considering the switching of DC control mode and converter transformer ratio［J］．Power System Protection and Control，2011，39(1)：40-45，52．

［5］覃智君，侯云鹤，吴复立．大规模交直流系统潮流计算的实用化模型［J］．中国电机工程学报，2011，31(10)：95-101．

TAN Zhijun，HOU Yunhe，WU Fuli．Practical model for large-scale AC-DC system power flow calculation［J］．Proceedings of the CSEE，2011，31(10)：95-101．

［5］BEERTEN J，COLE S，BELMANS R．Generalized steady-state VSC MTDC model for sequential AC/DC power flow algorithms［J］．IEEE Transactions on Power Systems，2012，27(2)：821-829．

［6］张彦涛，秦晓辉，周勤勇，等．基于交直流解耦的超大规模交直流混合电网潮流计算可行解获取方法的研究［J］．中国电机工程学报，2015，35(24): 6275-6282．

ZHANG Yantao，QIN Xiaohui，ZHOU Qinyong，et al．Study on the acquisition method of the feasible solution for power flow calculation of large-scale power grids based on AC/DC decoupling［J］．Proceedings of the CSEE，2015，35(24)：6275-6282．

［7］STTOT B，MARINHO J L．Linear programming for power system network security application［J］．IEEE Transaction on Power Systems，1979，98(3)：837-848．

［8］WEI H，SASAKI H， KUBOKAWA J, et al．An interior point nonlinear programming for optimal power flow problems with a novel data structure［J］．IEEE Transactions on Power Systems，1998，13(3)：870-877．

［9］韩晓慧，王联国．输电网优化规划模型及算法分析［J］．电力系统保护与控制，2011，39(23)：143-148,154．

HAN Xiaohui，WANG Lianguo．Review of transmission network optimal planning model and algorithm［J］．Power System Protection and Control，2011，39(23)：143-148,154．

［10］李滨，韦化，阳育德，等．大规模超高压交直流系统最优潮流的研究［J］．现代电力，2010，27(4)：1-6．

LI Bin，WEI Hua，YANG Yude，et al．The optimal power flow of the large-scale extra high voltage AC/DC power systems［J］．Modern Electric Power，2010，27(4)：1-6．

［11］邓健俊，文安，魏承志，等．含柔性直流输电的交直流并列系统有功潮流优化方法［J］．电力系统保护与控制，2014，42(11)：118-123．

DENG Jianjun，WEN An，WEI Chengzhi，et al．An optimization method for active power flow in AC/VSC-HVDC parallel transmission systems［J］．Power System Protection and Control，2014，42(11)：118-123．

［12］李清，刘明波，杨柳青．求解交直流互联电网多目标无功优化问题的INNC法［J］．中国电机工程学报，2014，34(7)：1150-1158．

LI Qing，LIU Mingbo，YANG Liuqing．INNC method applied to multi-objective reactive power optimization in AC/DC interconnected power grid［J］．Proceedings of the CSEE，2014，34(7)：1150-1158．

［13］周孝法，陈陈，杨帆，等．基于自适应混沌粒子群优化算法的多馈入直流输电系统优化协调直流调制［J］．电工技术学报，2009，24(4)：193-201．

ZHOU Xiaofa，CHEN Chen，YANG Fan，et al．Optimal coordinated HVDC modulation based on adaptive chaos particle swarm optimization algorithm in multi-infeed HVDC transmission system［J］．Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society，2009，24(4)：193-201．

［14］彭磊，张建平，吴耀武，等．基于GA、PSO结合算法的交直流系统无功优化［J］．高电压技术，2006，32(4)：78-81．

PENG Lei，ZHANG Jianping，WU Yaoping，et al．Reactive power optimization of hybrid AC/HVDC power system based on genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization［J］．High Voltage Engineering，2006，32(4)：78-81．

［15］郑超，盛灿辉，郭小江，等．实用高压直流输电稳态模型及潮流算法解析［J］．电网技术，2011，35(03)：57-62．

ZHENG Chao，SHENG Canhui，GUO Xiaojiang，et al．Analysis on practicable steady state model of HVDC power transmission and corresponding power flow algorithm［J］．Power System Technology，2011，35(3)：57-62．

［16］郑华，李晖，肖晋宇，等．大规模交直流电网最优潮流模型与算法研究［J］．中国电机工程学报，2015，35(9)：2162-2169．

ZHENG Hua，LI Hui，XIAO Jinyu，et al．Research on model and algorithm for optimal power flow of large-scale high voltage direct current transmission system［J］．Proceedings of the CSEE，2015，35(9)：2162-2169．

［17］WANG Y，JIAO Y C，LI H．An evolutionary algorithm for solving nonlinear bi-level programming based on a new constraint-handling scheme［J］．IEEE Transactions on Systems，Man，and Cybernetics，Part C (Applications and Reviews)，2005，35(2)：221-232．

［18］王淑芬，万仲平，樊恒，等．基于二层规划的无功优化模型及其混合算法［J］．电网技术，2005，29(9)：22-25．

WANG Shufen，WAN Zhongping，FAN Heng，et al．Reactive power optimization model and its hybrid algorithm based on bi-level programming［J］．Power System Technology，2005，29(9)：22-25．

［19］姚煜，蔡燕春．离散粒子群与内点法结合的电力系统无功优化［J］．电力系统保护与控制，2010，38(3)：48-52．

YAO Yu，CAI Chunyan．A hybrid strategy based on DPSO and IPM for optimal reactive power flow［J］．Power System Protection and Control，2010，38(3)：48-52．

［20］陈海东，庄平，夏建矿，等．基于改进萤火虫算法的分布式电源优化配置［J］．电力系统保护与控制，2016，44(1)：149-154．

CHEN Haidong，ZHUNAG Ping，XIA Jiankuang，et al．Optimal power flow of distribution network with distributed generation based on modified firefly algorithm［J］．Power System Protection and Control，2016，44(1)：149-154．

[1]	WANG Du，YANG Jia，WU Shiqiang，CHEN Zhidao，WANG Weimin，SUN Guoqiang，WEI Zhinong. Bilinear Robust State Estimation of Power System Containing UPFC [J]. Electric Power Construction, 2019, 40(7): 65-75.
[2]	SHI Ruizhi, ZHANG Ze, HE Tianyu, GENG Yaming,ZANG Haixiang. Conversion Strategy for UPFC Control Modes Based on Dynamic Optimal Power Flow [J]. Electric Power Construction, 2018, 39(5): 77-.
[3]	SONG Sibo，GUO Hongxia，YANG Ping，LU Zhilin，XU Zhirong，HE Ting. Electricity Market Partitioning Strategy Based on Locational Marginal Price [J]. Electric Power Construction, 2017, 38(9): 132-.
[4]	DENG Qi，ZHANG Yingmin，ZENG Qi，ZHANG Likui，LI Zhihan. Comprehensive Coordination Control Strategy for VSC-MTDC System [J]. Electric Power Construction, 2017, 38(8): 59-.
[5]	LI Ran, ZHANG Fan, JIN Baoyuan. Application of Navigator Optimization Algorithm in Optimal Power Flow Calculation of Power System [J]. Electric Power Construction, 2017, 38(6): 7-.
[6]	YANG Zhichao, GAO Bingtuan, YE Fei, BO Xin. Maximum Output Optimal Control of Wind Farm Based on Wake Effect [J]. Electric Power Construction, 2017, 38(4): 96-.
[7]	ZHANG Qingsong, WEI Zhinong, XU Jiguang, SUN Guoqiang, ZANG Haixiang, HE Tianyu. Linearized Optimal Power Flow Calculation of Power Systems with Large Scale Wind Farm [J]. Electric Power Construction, 2017, 38(10): 93-.
[8]	ZENG Ming, SHU Tong, LI Yuanfei, DOU Jinyue, YU Hui, CHEN Yunfei. Optimal Allocation and Pricing Decision Making Method for DG Considering Benefits of Different Shareholders in Electricity Market Environment [J]. Electric Power Construction, 2017, 38(10): 115-.
[9]	FU Yanlan, ZHAO Xuelin, LIU Kaicheng, HE Guangyu. Multi-Objective Optimal Power Flow Based on Evolutionary Algorithm and Bargaining Game [J]. ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION, 2015, 36(5): 20-24.
[10]	TANG Wenzuo, LIANG Wenju, CUI Rong, ZENG Rui, JIA Long, ZHOU Chuanjie, HU Zechun. Optimal Allocation Method of Distributed Energy Storage System in Distribution Network [J]. ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION, 2015, 36(4): 38-45.
[11]	WANG Chengshan, SUN Chongbo, LI Peng. Review and Perspective on the Optimization of Active Distribution Network [J]. ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION, 2015, 36(1): 8-15.