By summarizing the pollution emission of thermal power in China, the technological and economic analysis are carried out based on exchange value of pollution emission, environmental protection technology and equipment demand etc. By valuing the producing pollution emission, the demand of reducing emission and thermal power environmental protection industry for the next 20 years, it can be seen that the space of environmental protection industry of thermal power in China has wide development prospects. But at the same time, there are a series of problems such as inadequate investment, cost difficult to release, lack of laws and regulations, that need to take measures in the financing channels, recovery mechanism, the regulations system, etc.