The concrete damage of 11 substations are investigated in industrial pollution or carbonization area, self weight collapse loess area, dry-wet cycling area, freeze-thaw cycles area or saline soil erosion area of Guizhou Province, and the technical indices of concrete durability are obtained through tests and analysis. The results show that both the concentration of metal ion and nonmetallic ion in foundation soil and groundwater exceed standards in different degrees, which have serious impact on the service life of concrete engineering, presenting as the phenomena of crack, sapling or damage on concrete surface, from the point of macroscopic view. According to the different geological conditions, some relevant prevention and remedial measures are proposed. The research results can provide theory basis and technical support for the evaluation of concrete durability of substations under alpine environment condition in Gansu Province.