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01 February 2018, Volume 39 Issue 2
    

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  • ZENG Ming1,SHU Tong1,LI Ran1,WU Geng1, SONG Wei1,WANG Haojing2,SUN Chenjun3
    Electric Power Construction. 2018, 39(2): 1. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2018.02.001
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     ABSTRACT: The construction of energy Internet provides the corresponding technical support platform for the indifference access of different types of energy units. Under the background of the energy Internet, the energy market and energy network structure develop towards the direction of decentralization. The concept of transactive energy (TE) with independent and open characteristics is proposed. This paper firstly expounds the basic concept of TE and its role in energy Internet. Secondly, this paper analyzes the key problems of TE in the future energy Internet from the aspects of TEs hierarchical control system, market operation flow, implementation benefit analysis and key technology. Finally, this paper proposes related recommendations to promote the development of TE from three aspects of key technology, trading mechanism and practice pilot. 
     
  • XIE Guanglong1, JIA Mengyu2, HAN Xinyang1, HU Bo1, YANG Dechang3
    Electric Power Construction. 2018, 39(2): 10. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2018.02.002
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     ABSTRACT:  Urban energy Internet (UEI) is the core of intelligent energy system construction. It is also considered as the key to carry out the energy structure and consumption transition in China. Based on the detailed analysis of the operating characteristics of UEI, this paper firstly analyzes the basic functions of UEI from seven aspects, and summarizes the existing business models of different energies and Internet+. Then, this paper proposes the potential business models of UEI from the physical, information and service layers. Combined with the classification of flexible resources in UEI, the influence of flexible resources in physical, information and service layers on the potential business model of UEI are studied in detail. The theoretical analysis has certain reference significance to the development of UEI business model.
     
  • LAI Qingping,WU Zhili,CUI Kai,ZHANG Hongbin,JIN Qiang, PAN Ersheng
    Electric Power Construction. 2018, 39(2): 18. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2018.02.003
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     ABSTRACT: The implementation of microgrid is an effective way to promote new energy consumption, and is significant to support low-carbon economy development. The planning section is important to ensure the secure, reliable and economical operation of microgrid. Based on the latest researches and progress at home and abroad, the technical features are summarized and remarked as well as research status of microgrid planning on topics of uncertainty dealing, multi-objective planning, planning-operation coordinated modeling and the solving algorithms in this paper. The viewpoint and emphasis of coordinated microgrid-distribution planning and the technical issues that need to be addressed are put forward to cope with the impact of large-scale microgrid participation on distribution planning. Besides, strategies of voltage-grading and district-dividing planning and modular design are presented in order to solve the complex microgrid planning problem, which helps to reduce the design difficulty, construction cost and improve construction efficiency.
     
  • CHEN Yixuan1,GUO Xiangyang2,LI Lingfang1,ZHU Xinchun1,XU Zheng2
    Electric Power Construction. 2018, 39(2): 30. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2018.02.004
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     摘要:大型区域电网通过直流异步互联之后,电网功角稳定性得到提升,但在送端电网一侧,外送直流故障会造成电网频率升高,引发频率稳定问题。在电网频率稳定性研究中,电网频率偏差峰值是一个重要指标。针对电网频率偏差峰值的计算,首先通过单机系统得出基于电网频率偏差变化率的电网频率偏差峰值计算方法;接着将该方法拓展到实际电网的频率偏差峰值计算,并分析了频率偏差峰值计算在直流附加控制与稳控切机中的应用;最后通过单机系统和云南电网算例进行仿真验证。仿真结果表明,基于频率偏差变化率的频率偏差峰值计算结果准确,适用于实际电网,具有工程实用价值。 
     
  • ZHU Bingquan1, NI Qiulong1, XIANG Zhongming1, XU Lizhong1, CAO Yu2, GUO Chuangxin2
    Electric Power Construction. 2018, 39(2): 36. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2018.02.005
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     ABSTRACT:  Traditional risk assessment and control methods of power grid dispatching focus on the risk condition in a dispatching period, neglecting the influence of the former period on the latter, which cannot comprehensively reflect the risk level of the whole dispatching process, or provide risk control advice adapted to the whole dispatching process. In order to solve the shortages of current scheduling operation risk assessment and control method, this paper proposes a technology of risk tracing and dynamic control for the whole process of power grid dispatching, according to the three most typical phases of dispatching operation, including mid-short term, day-ahead and real-time periods. This technology can reduce the risk level of power grid operation and increase the reliability of power system by monitoring and controlling risks of the whole process of power grid dispatching. Finally, this paper introduces the practical application of this technology in State Grid Zhejiang Electric Power Company, and verifies its effectiveness.
     
  • LI Gang1, MENG Huan2, ZHOU Guoliang3, GAO Yajing4
    Electric Power Construction. 2018, 39(2): 43. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2018.02.006
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     ABSTRACT: Energy blockchain technology provides a new way for the development of energy Internet, which is widely concerned. Blockchain is a kind of decentralized, open and transparent distributed database, which has the characteristics of high confidentiality and its difficult to be altered, so that there is a good prospect in effectively solving the problem of trust between energy transactions. Firstly, this paper analyzes the characteristics of the block chain technology;and then, proposes an energy management blockchain model for microgrid based on virtual power plant (VPP) and blockchain technology. Finally, the simulation analysis result shows that blockchain technology can provide a better guarantee for the non-tampering and confidentiality of data transmission in the energy Internet.
     
  • LIU Huijia, CHENG Luyao, HUANG Jingguang, WU Wei, GUAN Xin, HUANG Taixiang
    Electric Power Construction. 2018, 39(2): 50. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2018.02.007
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     摘要:随着分布式电源(distributed generation,DG)渗透率在主动配电网(active distribution network,ADN)中不断增加,配电网运行规划难度也不断提高。尤其是故障时配电网形成孤岛运行后,DG出力与负荷需求分配不均,供电效率下降的情况居多。该文针对以上问题对主动配电网故障后孤岛运行展开研究,考虑DG的间歇性出力对其建立概率模型,同时对需求侧负荷进行时序性建模,提出一种基于多时段DG-负荷有功功率平衡的孤岛划分方法。在DG出力不足的情况下,根据负荷优先级和可控度采用遗传算法进行最优切负荷,精准切除优先级低的负荷,保证多负荷、重要负荷供电。最后通过PG&E 69配电网算例验证所提方法的有效性和可行性,结果显示,该方法能在一定程度上有效增加孤岛供电范围。 
     
  • LIU Manjun1, JIANG Yi1, LUO Jinshan2, LIU Dong2, CHENG Lin1
    Electric Power Construction. 2018, 39(2): 58. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2018.02.008
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     ABSTRACT: Flexible AC and DC power grid can achieve active power and reactive power independent control, and has been used in the remote distance and large capacity transmission, renewable energy incorporation and energy internet design, which is an important development trend of the future power grid. Aimed at the lack of quantitative evaluation of flexible AC/DC reliability and the lack of research on the reliability improvement method of flexible AC/DC power grid, this paper proposes a sensibility analysis based method to improve the reliability of the flexible AC/DC power grid. This method firstly calculates the reliability indices of AC/DC system under different operation modes of flexible AC/DC power grid, and then finds out the vulnerable parts of the power grid through the sensitivity analysis of reliability index. Furthermore, the reliability sensibility of the vulnerable part is calculated, and the reliability improvement method is put forward combined with the cost analysis. Finally, a case study of the Zhangbei flexible AC/DC project is carried out to prove the effectiveness of the method. 
     
  • Electric Power Construction. 2018, 39(2): 68. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2018.02.009
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     ABSTRACT: There are generally excessive harmonics, reactive power and negative sequence currents in the distribution power system, which can cause hazards including poor efficiency of power grid operation, unusual heating and damage of load. Meanwhile, a large number of sensitive loads, including communications, medical and high-end manufacturing, will run out of order as long as the duration of voltage interruption or voltage sags lasts more than a few milliseconds, which may cause serious economic losses. Therefore these power quality issues need to be integrated. The shunt-unified power quality controller (S-UPQC) can solve the above two types of power quality problems respectively and the key is to realize the fast and smooth seamless switching between the two operating states. In view of the problems in the existing switching control, this paper proposes a complete seamless switching control technique for S-UPQC, including the seamless cut-in algorithm based on current rate control and the flexible cut-off algorithm based on instantaneous linear modulation, with the advantages of simpleness, quickness and reliability. Its cut-in time is less than 1 ms and there is no mutation of voltage amplitude and phase in its cut-off process. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by PSCAD/EMTDC electromagnetic transient simulation and physical prototype experiment based on 380 V/100 kV·A S-UPQC.
     
  • ZHU Chengzhi1, WU Haibin2, ZHAO Wenqiang3, YU Xiang3, WANG Ke3, XIAO Jianmin3, LU Yi4
    Electric Power Construction. 2018, 39(2): 76. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2018.02.010
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     ABSTRACT: The advantages and disadvantages of master-slave control, droop control and virtual synchronous generator control applied in the multi-HVDC cooperation operation are analyzed and compared. In view of the features of Shengsi power gird, namely the high capacity of the power transmitted by HVDC system, the small scale of the power grid and weak stability, and the existence of synchronous condenser, this paper proposes the integrated control strategy with the combination of additional frequency control and master-slave control, which can effectively coordinate the island operation of multi-DC system in Shengsi power grid. The bipolar power balance problems of independent islanded operation for the Lu-Sheng hybrid-HVDC are analyzed, and a bipolar coordination control strategy for the Lu-Sheng hybrid-HVDC in islanded operation is proposed. The coordination of the proposed control strategies can effectively ensure the islanded security of Shengsi power gird. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategies is validated by simulation results.
     
  • HUANG Xianan1, MA Shiying1, QU Gaoqiang2, JIN Panlong2, DING Jian1, SONG Yunting1
    Electric Power Construction. 2018, 39(2): 85. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2018.02.011
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     (1. China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100192, China;2. State Grid Ningxia Electric Power Company Economic Research Institute, Yinchuan 750001, China) 
     
  • ZHAO Jian, LIU Wei,GUO Chunyi,LU Yi, QIU Peng, XUAN Jiazhuo,LI Jihong
    Electric Power Construction. 2018, 39(2): 95. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2018.02.012
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     ABSTRACT: A LCC-LCC+FBMMC series based hybrid HVDC system, for which the rectifier side adopts the line commutated converter (LCC),and the inverter side is composed by LCC in series with the full bridge sub module modular multilevel converter (FBMMC), with the technical advantages of DC fault ride-through, mitigating commutation failure, and power flexible reversal capability and so on, is a kind of hybrid dc transmission topology suitable for future long-distance high-capacity overhead transmission. Reasonable and effective selection of controller parameters is a prerequisite for ensuring good performance of the system. This paper first establishes the mathematical model of LCC-LCC+FBMMC series based hybrid HVDC system;on this basis, proposes a controller parameter optimization method based on Simplex algorithm, and constructs an objective function based on the deviation of controller input signal to optimize the controller parameters both on the rectifier and inverter sides. Finally, an EMT model of LCC-LCC+FBMMC series based hybrid HVDC system is established in PSCAD/EMTDC, and tested under four different conditions, including active power step-change, power reversal, three-phase short-circuit fault and DC ground fault. The simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed optimization method, which show that the controller parameters based on the proposed optimization method can improve both the steady and transient performance of LCC-LCC+FBMMC system in different operating conditions.
     
  • ZHOU Yue, TAN Bendong, LI Miao, YANG Xuan, ZHOU Qiangming, ZHANG Zhenxing, TAN Min, YANG Jun
    Electric Power Construction. 2018, 39(2): 103. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2018.02.013
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     ABSTRACT: In the field of machine learning, transient stability assessment can be considered as a two-class problem of estimating the stability boundary through large number of fault samples. This paper proposes a method of deep learning to solve this problem. The method consists of four stages: firstly, using samples to construct the original input feature for describing the dynamic characteristics of the power system;secondly, variational auto-encoders (VAE) is used to perform unsupervised learning on the original input feature to obtain high-order features;thirdly, the supervised training of convolution neural network (CNN) is carried out to obtain the relationship between high order characteristic and transient stability of power system;finally, the model is applied to the transient stability assessment of power system. Simulation on the New England 39-bus test system shows that the proposed approach has high accuracy, rare misclassification of unstable sample and excellent robustness with noise for transient stability assessment (TSA). Therefore, it is suitable for quasi-real-time online transient stability assessment based on wide-area measurement information.
     
  • QI Yincheng, ZHAO Zhenbing, DU Liqun, QIAO Hong, WANG Lei
    Electric Power Construction. 2018, 39(2): 109. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2018.02.014
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     ABSTRACT: In solving the problem of target classification in aerial images of transmission line, the performance of traditional image features is badly limited because aerial images have the characteristics of low resolution, complex background, quantities of fake targets, etc. Label distribution learning (LDL) algorithm can tackle the task of mapping between image feature and label distribution effectively. This paper proposes a kind of target classification method for aerial images based on visual geometry group net (VGGNet) deep neural network and objective label quantification LDL. Combined deep feature extracted via VGGNet with objective label quantification, label distributions of the test images are predicted. Based on the deep feature extracted by VGGNet, in the condition of the same parameter setting of objective quantification LDL classifier, for the target classification of transmission line image, the error rate of insulator, tower and line is 30.3%, 33.0% and 37.6% respectively, whose classification error rates are lower than that of the traditional characteristic. Experimental results show that deep feature extracted via VGGNet combined with objective label quantification LDL can solve the target classification problem in aerial images better.
     
  • LIN Qingming, HU Xu, BIAN Xiaoyan, LI Haixia, JIANG Ying
    Electric Power Construction. 2018, 39(2): 116. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2018.02.015
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     ABSTRACT: The wake effect of offshore wind farm has strong regularity, which makes each row of turbines to capture different wind speed and thus work in different states, consequently limitation exists for traditional frequency control based on single equivalent method. According to the characteristics of offshore wind resource and the active power control of doubly-fed induction generator wind turbines, this paper proposes a multi-turbine equivalent frequency control method for offshore wind farm considering wake effect, which can qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the change of the frequency control capability and cost of the wind turbine under different wind conditions and in different schemes. Simulation results show that, compared with the frequency control method with single equivalent and single frequency control command, multi-turbine equivalent method for offshore wind farm based on wind speed sector division is more reasonable. Allocating the frequency control power and time reasonably based on the proposed method can provide better dynamic frequency support as well as shorter recovery time and have higher economy for power system.  
     
  • ZHANG Qian, TAN Zhongfu, LIU Dunnan
    Electric Power Construction. 2018, 39(2): 124. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2018.02.016
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     ABSTRACT:  The establishment of energy internet demonstration park and the electricity sale companies has made the research on the demand side response mechanism more urgent based on the electricity sale companies as the main body. This paper presents a demand side response model based on peak-valley price. On one side, the customers behaviour was optimized and the grid company gained the benefit. On the other side, the grid company shared some of the benefits to the electricity sale company and then it returned the profits to customers by reducing the price. The system dynamics was used to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the model. The simulation system divides the demand response model into users response module, power grids benefit module and electricity sale companys benefit module. The simulation results have shown that the implementation of this demand response model can benefit all sides, and have proved the model is feasible. 
     
  • WU Lei,YU Jiancheng,LI Siwei,HU Qinge,TANG Jia,WANG Dan
    Electric Power Construction. 2018, 39(2): 130. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2018.02.017
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     ABSTRACT:  Under the condition of opening the electricity market, the implementation of price based demand response (DR) is conducive to fully mobilizing the enthusiasm of users, making them participate in load regulation and achieving the goal of peak load cutting in power system, maintaining its safe and economic operation. This paper takes the residential air conditioning model as the research object and establishes the mathematical model for the residential air conditioning load. Then the response characteristics of the monomer and the polymerization load are analyzed. On this basis, the linearized interactive demand response strategy of residential air conditioning based on real-time pricing (RTP) is applied to realize the active control of the load. Four indexes including the percentage of the temperature over upper limit time, the load reduction ratio during the peak period, the total active power reduction ratio and the network loss reduction ratio during the peak period are developed to quantify the impact of the strategy on the demand side and the power supply side. The simulation results show that without affecting the comfort of air conditioning users, the linearized interactive demand response strategy of residential air conditioning based on RTP can effectively achieve the role of peak cutting, reducing the feeder active power injection and system power loss.