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01 March 2019, Volume 40 Issue 3
    

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  • FENG Zhihui, LU Lin,XU Lixiong,GUO Yanlin,RUAN Zhen,LIU Jinyuan,DING Yi
    Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(3): 1-8. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.03.001
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The randomness and volatility of large-scale clean energy output have made it difficult to connect to the grid, and the problem of wind and water abandonment has become increasingly prominent. Traditional ways to promote the efficient use of clean energy often come at the expense of system economic benefits, and often have limited capacity adjustments, making it difficult to ensure a high proportion of clean energy regulation needs. On this basis, we consider the construction of an energy hub that uses wind-water-gas coordinated operation with a high proportion of clean energy sources with complementary energy sources in the transmission network, and develops a two-stage optimization dispatch strategy, which including day-ahead stage and real-time stage, for energy hub to eliminate the adverse effects of abandoning wind and abandoning water on the economic benefits of energy hubs. A mixed integer linear programming model by linearization is formed and then solved with YALMIP/CPLEX solver. The results of the example show that the two-stage dispatch optimization strategy can effectively improve the efficiency of clean energy utilization and reduce the operating cost of the system.
  • SONG Yang, ZHANG Xinhe, WANG Lei1
    Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(3): 9-16. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.03.002
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    Low-carbonization has become an important goal of electric power development. The use of resources on the demand side to ease the pressure on the emission reduction of power generation enterprises is a scientific and economic low-carbon path. For new type projects of integrated energy service provider (IESP), an evaluation model for carbon emission reduction considering power source structure is established by the coal consumption coefficient of electricity (CCCE). A Stackelberg model between IESP and users of flexible projects is implemented by the real-time retail price under the guidance of node CCCE. A bundled cooperation mechanism is designed to introduce IESP into the low-carbon dispatching of regional thermal units and integrated optimization. The quantitative indicators of integrated optimization in emission reduction and economy are analyzed, and the feasibility of low-carbon path for power generation enterprises is verified.
  • LI Ping, WANG Chunsheng, MU Yongqiang, WANG Haixia, CHANG Youyi, ZHANG Gengyu, LIU Aimin, LI Weidong
    Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(3): 17-26. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.03.003
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    Dynamic thermal performance of a district heating system can be utilized to improve the peak regulation capacity of combined heat and power units so as to enhance wind power integration in heating seasons. Modeling dynamic thermal performance with the physical model involves individual characteristics of each part inside the system and topological structure characteristics of pipelines network, resulting in that the combined heat and power dispatch model based on the physical model is complicated, which is difficult to be applied in large-scale power grid analysis. Focusing on the system overall performance, a reduced-form regression model is built to describe the dynamic thermal performance of the district heating system under the quality regulation mode by utilizing the auto-regressive distributed lag time series. The model connotation is analyzed and the modeling method is given. The combined heat and power dispatch model based on the regression model is built. Compared with the dispatch mode based on physical model, the dispatch mode based on the regression model can reduce variable number and calculation time, which has good simplification effect.
  • CAI Chao, DOU Xiaobo, CAO Shuijing, CHEN Xi, WANG Na
    Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(3): 27-33. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.03.004
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    Combined heat and power (CHP) microgrid uses electricity and natural gas as sources of heat energy, which has the characteristics of economy and environmental protection. It can effectively solve the problem of comprehensive power and heat supply, and has broad application prospects in industrial parks. Considering the randomness of renewable energy in CHP microgrid and the error of load forecasting, the accuracy of energy optimization will be reduced. And there are differences between electric and thermal loads, and the economy of CHP microgrid with high thermoelectric coupling is poor. This paper proposes a multi-time-scale energy optimization method based on model predictive control (MPC). The allocation energy and storage scheduling is optimized according to the day-ahead plan. Applying the MPC algorithm, the real-time energy optimization is planned in the day, and the optimization results are improved due to the feedback design of heat loss in the system. Finally, in the case simulation in MATLAB, the applicability and the accuracy of the proposed method is verified, and the operation cost of the system is reduced. The simulation results show that the method achieves the effect of thermoelectric decoupling and peak shaving and valley filling by energy storage, meanwhile improving the utilization of renewable energy.
  • CHEN Jiamin,XU Yonghai, ZHANG Xueyin
    Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(3): 34-41. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.03.005
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    Utilizing vehicle to grid (V2G) technology, electric vehicles (EVs) can behave as mobile energy storage units to participate in power grid operation. Due to the traffic behavior characteristics, the V2G response capability boundaries of EV considering time, energy and battery restraint are constructed. Then,the electric vehicles connected to the grid are divided into two types: responsive and non-responsive. Finally, time-limit V2G response capability forecast models for EV and EV groups are established. On the other side,the value-at-risk(VaR) method is introduced into the sizing of energy storage capacity, and a reliability-at-risk(RaR) model is established to calculate the storage capacity under a certain reliability confidence level. The methods proposed in this paper are applied and verified in the examples.
  • SONG Zhaoxin, ZHANG Jiancheng, ZHAO Jiqing, GUO Wei
    Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(3): 42-50. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.03.006
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     A dual current closed-loop control method for grid-connected flywheel energy storage system is proposed. To track the given sinusoidal current and simultaneously improve system stability and power quality, proportional resonant (PR) controller is introduced into the grid-side control loop and flywheel-side control loop. Capacitor current inner-loop feedback control can suppress the LCL filter resonance peak and improve the power factor. At charge stage, the control of grid-side converter works on an outer voltage loop, while the flywheel-side converter adopts an outer speed loop. At standby and grid-connected stage, the control of grid-side converter adopts direct power control strategy based on a grid-side current loop cascaded with an inner capacitor current loop;the control of flywheel-side converter is based on an outer DC-bus voltage loop cascaded with an internal current loop, and maintains the DC-bus voltage. The parameter of grid-side controller is designed using the generalized root locus method. The grid-connected control model of the flywheel energy storage system is built, and simulation results validate the effectiveness of the control strategy.
  • WANG Chenglong, WANG Yufei, XUE Hua
    Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(3): 51-58. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.03.007
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    In order to buffer the impact of fast charging of electric vehicles on the power grid, permanent-magnet synchronous flywheel energy storage system (PMSM-FESS) used in DC fast charging station (DC-FCS) is studied. On the basis of traditional PMSM double closed-loop control, a control strategy with load current compensation and speed feedback is proposed. Firstly, the load mathematical model of DC fast charging station for electric vehicles is established, and its impact characteristic is analyzed. Then the control strategy of FESS is clarified, and a DC fast charging station system with PMSM-FESS is designed. Finally, simulation model of a fast charging station system with FESS is built on Matlab/Simulink software platform. Simulation results shows that FESS can effectively limit the rise slope of the grid output power, compensate for bus voltage sag of the fast charging station;Control strategy proposed in this paper for PMSM-FESS can still exhibit good power buffering performance for grid, even the system is confronted with continuous load on multiple electric vehicles.
  • CHEN Fei, FENG Hao, XU Chenbo, SUN Feifei
    Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(3): 59-66. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.03.008
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    The power system has been developed from small capacity, short distance electric power grids to large-scale, wide area and multi-energy coupling energy networks. Power system development is pushed forward by the tendency of diversification, flexibility and intelligentization. Due to high similarity between the development of mobile communication technology and that of power systems, further researches on power system intergenerational differences are needed while the ‘G’ symbolled mobile communication technology (2G to 5G) has been well known. The ‘H’ symbolled power system intergenerational characteristic is proposed based on power system morphological features. After the voltage level of power systems has increased from 1H to 3H generations, the 4H generation power system with high proportion of renewable energy and power electronic equipment is started and gradually evolving to the 5H generation integrated energy system with high proportion of fragmented energy. In addition, the morphological features of and power grid enterprise orientation in the 5H generation are also discussed in detail.
  • WANG Xi, YE Xi, TANG Quan, ZHANG Yuhong, LI Ting, LIU Wanyu, LI Huaqiang
    Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(3): 67-76. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.03.009
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    The sharp development of power generation technology involving the clean energy boosts the grid-connected proportion of clean power such as wind and solar power, whereas the randomness and volatility of their outputs contribute to the strong uncertainty of multi-space-time coupling in the power system, seriously affecting the security and stability of the power grid. Hence, traditional grid planning has been unable to meet the needs of high proportion of grid-connected clean energy. However, the flexibility of the power system can effectively reflect the systems ability to withstand the impact of uncertainty and is of great significance to the integration of the high proportion of clean energy. According to the original definition of flexibility, this paper proposes a generalized flexibility index system considering supply and demand balance, grid layout and power flow distribution, and comprehensively evaluates the power systems acceptance of clean energy. Besides, a bilevel extended programming model of transmission network with generalized flexibility index system is established. The improved chaotic crossover genetic algorithm is used to solve the planning model. The feasibility and practicability of the proposed index system and planning model are verified by the simulation of the Garver 18-node system and an actual system.
  • RUAN Chuang, JIANG Daozhuo, ZHU Naixuan, YANG Yifan, CHEN Jietao
    Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(3): 77-84. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.03.010
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     In order to explore the structure of distribution network with high power supply reliability and adaptive to the operation of distributed generators, our research group proposed a honeycomb topology for active distribution network on the basis of distributed active microgrids. Firstly, this paper makes a brief introduction of the topology and active microgrids and smart power/information exchange base stations in the topology;and advantages and disadvantages of the topology are also analyzed. Secondly, the Markov chain is used to analyze the state transition process of the honeycomb microgrid, and the mathematical models are given, including the state transition probability matrix and the probability calculation method under different states. Thirdly, revised formulas based on the minimum cut set method for calculating the reliability indices of the honeycomb microgrid is derived. Finally, the IEEE-RBTS BUS6 F4 test system is taken as an example, power supply reliability of the system before and after “transformation” into honeycomb microgrid is simulated and compared, and the result shows that the system has higher power supply reliability after “transformation”;furthermore, the power supply reliability of honeycomb active distribution network is obviously better than the ordinary distribution network.
  • YANG Yifan, JIANG Daozhuo, RUAN Chuang, CHEN Jietao, ZHU Naixuan
    Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(3): 85-93. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.03.011
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    Microgrid group is a direction of future microgrid connection. Our research group has proposed an intelligent structure adaptive to the large-scale application of microgrid, which is called honeycomb active distribution grid. This paper studies its optimal scheduling problem. Firstly, active microgirds and smart power/information exchange stations in the topology are explained. Secondly, the distributed optimization method based on the consistency constraint is used to decompose the grid into several parts, and the mathematical model of the honeycomb distribution grid is derived. Next, considering the economic and reliability, the minimum operation cost is selected as the optimization target, and the MATLAB/YALMIP/IPOPT business solver is used to solve the optimized model. Finally, a honeycomb active distribution grid consisting of seven microgrids is taken as an example to illustrate the optimized model and solution method. The effects of the honeycomb distribution grid on the economy and reliability of the microgrid group are analyzed.
  • GAO Xuanjie, MIAO Hong, ZENG Chengbi
    Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(3): 94-101. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.03.012
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     In order to reduce the backflow power of the dual active bridge (DAB)  DC-DC converter, mathematical analysis of dual active bridge DC-DC converter is carried out and the relationship between backflow power and transmission power, voltage conversion ratio is derived. According to the account of transmission power, the optimal shift angle in each range is obtained, and we propose an improved dual phase-shift control strategy which can reduce the backflow power of the dual active bridge DC-DC converter and in a certain transmission power range can satisfy soft switching condition. Simulation is carried out on the MATLAB/Simulink platform. The simulation results show that, compared with the traditional single phase shift (SPS), the proposed dual phase-shift control strategy can obviously reduce the backflow power and can achieve zero backflow power in a certain transmission power range.
  • XU Chenbo, ZHOU Zhifang, GAO Jianing, WANG Kun, YUAN Xiang
    Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(3): 102-108. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.03.013
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    AC/DC hybrid system can effectively integrate different types of distributed generators. In order to analyze the impact of uncertain power output of DGs on AC/DC hybrid power flow, a quantitative analysis method based on zonotope and linearized power flow model is proposed. Zonotope is used to construct the uncertainty set of DG power injections, and then through a linearized AC/DC unified power flow model, the uncertainty set of state variables is obtained, which bounds all possible values of the system state variables such as voltage magnitudes and angles, and can be used to analyze the operational safety of the system under uncertainties. Finally, the proposed method is applied to an AC/DC hybrid grid with different control modes and  the results verify the effectiveness and practicality of the method.
  • FU Qingyan, GAO Liang, PEI Xiangyu
    Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(3): 109-116. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.03.014
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    Protection for DC transmission lines is one of the key problems that urgent to be solved in constructing high-voltage and large-capacity VSC-based DC grid in the future. Aiming at the prominent problem that the current communication technology is difficult to meet the requirements of real time transmission of high-speed sampling data proposed by traditional differential protection based on travelling-wave, a new differential protection scheme based on equivalent travelling-wave for VSC-based DC grid is presented by this paper. As a backup protection for primary protection based on single-terminal electrical quantities, a small amount of exchanged modulus maxima which can represent the critical information of the original fault-current travelling-wave are used to reconstruct the equivalent fault-current travelling-wave which can perfectly reproduce the original fault-current travelling-wave in this scheme. As a result, not only the communication data needed to construct the differential protection criterion is greatly reduced, but also the reliable and fast identification of fault location and different types of faults in the internal area could be realized. Finally, a four-terminal loop VSC-based DC grid model is built in PSCAD/EMTDC, and the differential protection scheme based on equivalent travelling-wave is simulated and verified.