01 April 2019, Volume 40 Issue 4

    

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  Optimization Approach for Receiving-End Power Transmission Network Considering UHVDC Infeed

  PAN Yi，ZHENG Jianyong，HAN Wenjun，ZHANG Su，MA Tian

  Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(4): 1-8. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.04.001

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  DG Planning Method for AC/DC Distribution Network Using Genetic-Ant Colony Algorithm

  RUI Songhua， LIU Haixuan， WANG Hongbo， YIN Deyang， MEI Fei

  Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(4): 9-17. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.04.002

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  With the widespread research on distributed generation （DG）， the planning problem of DG accessing to the AC/DC distribution network has become increasingly prominent. In this paper， the timing characteristics of different types of DGs and loads are fully considered in the problem of DG accessing to the distribution network. The DG operation and maintenance cost， DG investment cost， system network loss cost， fuel cost， pollution compensation cost， and environmental protection subsidy are fully considered as the objective function，  adding constraints of voltage and power at the same time， and then the location and capacity model of DG is established. Considering the advantages and disadvantages of genetic and ant colony algorithms， a genetic-ant colony composite algorithm is proposed to solve the optimization model. Finally， the IEEE 33-node distribution network is taken as an example to verify the rationality of the proposed model and the effectiveness of the algorithm.
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  Research on Interactive Simulation Method in PSASP for UHVDC Blocking

  YU Yiping， ZHAO Jian， XIONG Haoqing， CHEN Qian， JU Ping

  Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(4): 18-25. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.04.003

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  With the rapid development of UHVDC， the hybrid grid with strong DC and weak AC system is gradually forming in China. The DC system blocking fault brings great challenges to the safe and stable operation of the AC system. The emergency control after failure in a hybrid grid is heavily dependent on the accuracy of the grid simulation results. Therefore， the accurate DC fault models and simulation analysis methods are essential. On the basis of the existing DC fault power model， the interactive simulation method of UHV DC blocking in Power System Analysis Integrated Program （PSASP） is studied in this paper. Firstly， shortcomings of the existing self-contained DC model in PSASP are analyzed. Then the steps and principles of DC fault interactive simulation method are given on the basis of DC fault power model. The DC fault power model is introduced into PSASP through MATLAB and VB programming. Transient stability program of PSASP is called continuously to realize interactive simulation calculation. Finally， the effectiveness and accuracy of the simulation method are verified by the simulation of DC blocking fault in an actual power grid.
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  PI Parameters Optimization Based on Improved Whales Optimization Algorithm for Hybrid High Voltage Direct Current System

  LIU Qipu， TANG Xiaochen， YANG Jia， SUN Guoqiang， WEI Zhinong

  Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(4): 26-33. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.04.004

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  The hybrid high-voltage direct current （Hybrid HVDC） transmission system combines the advantages of LCC and VSC which has a wide range of application prospects. In order to solve the optimization problem of control parameters for hybrid HVDC transmission system， a new meta-heuristic algorithm， named whale optimization algorithm， is introduced. Aiming at the problem of poor exploration， the hybrid optimization theory is introduced， using simulated annealing and tournament selection mechanism to effectively balance the exploration and exploitation， and reduce the reliance on parameter selection. In this paper， a bipolar hybrid DC transmission test system is taken as the research object. The improved whale algorithm is used to optimize the PI parameters for constant current control and d-q axes double loop controller in rectifier and inverter， respectively. Those were achieved by combined simulation in MATLAB and PSCAD. The results show that， compared with the native WOA and particle swarm optimization algorithm， the proposed algorithm has higher convergence accuracy to realizes the parameter optimization and improve the tracking ability effectively.
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  Evaluation Method for Convergence Potential of Distributed Energy Storage on Customer Side

  JIN Wentao， NIU Meng， LU Hongzhang， LI Jianlin

  Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(4): 34-41. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.04.005

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   In the context of distribution network， statistical methods are used to study output characteristics of the energy storage in multiple application scenarios. A convergence potential index model of distributed energy storage is established， which considers dynamic response capability， power support capability， capacity support energy， effective convergence time， system stability， and system failure rate. The convergence potential index model provides an evaluation method for the output sequence of distributed energy storage. By analyzing the local load demand before convergence， the convergence application target is established， and the distributed energy storage is unified to guide the distributed energy storage to establish a reasonable power input/output sequence， and the disordered and autonomously operated distributed energy storage is integrated into an excellent resource for unified scheduling.
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  Optimal Dispatching of Electricity Retailers Considering Hydrogen Storage in the Electricity Market

  GAO Qianheng， HUANG Shuaifei， LI Erchao， DONG Zhiqiang， LI Xiaoyi

  Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(4): 42-48. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.04.006

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  Electricity market will promote the absorption of renewable energy and provide a platform for the efficient operation of the energy internet. Hydrogen storage system  under the market environment not only has the bidirectional regulation performance of charging and discharging， but also can participate in the market  through hydrogen sales. As the focus of the reform of the electricity retail side， the electricity retailers can reduce the risk caused by the uncertainty of renewable energy and increase the profit by hydrogen energy storage. In this paper， the hydrogen storage station considering the service of hydrogen selling is modeled. The hydrogen storage station includes three work patterns:  hydrogen production， electricity generating and hydrogen selling. Secondly， considering the safety operation of distribution network and the operating economy of electricity retailers， and aiming at the maximum profit of electricity retailers， the optimal dispatching model of electricity retailers with hydrogen storage was established. The technology of second-order cone relaxation is used to convert the original mixed integer non-convex nonlinear model into the mixed integer second-order cone programming  model. Cplex solver is called in commercial optimization software GAMS to solve the problem. The results show that the participation of hydrogen storage can bring great benefits to the electricity retailers， and the reactive power generated by the proton exchange membrane fuel cell can provide diversified auxiliary services for the distribution network.
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  The Future Development Mode of Sharing Electric Vehicles in the Cities

  YANG Jun， LIN Yangjia， CHEN Jiejun， LI Yixin， ZHAN Xiangpeng

  Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(4): 49-59. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.04.007

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  With the accelerating of the urbanization， the rapid growth of the urban population and the increasing utilization of auto-motive vehicle， the traffic problems including traffic jams and accidents， and the environmental problems caused by greenhouse gas emissions have become an important issue in big cities. In this background， this paper analyzes the relevant factors of the application of electric vehicle sharing （EV-sharing）， and presents the future development mode of intelligent EV-sharing network based on battery exchange and charging. Then， the operation mode of the commercial value-added service of the shared electric vehicles is presented， and the running data characteristics and data processing framework of the shared electric vehicles are analyzed. Besides， a data processing framework for EV-sharing based on cloud-fog-edge computing is proposed in this paper. Finally， the development feasibility of EV-sharing is pointed out from   technology and economy. The model can greatly alleviate the urban traffic pressure， effectively improve the ability of electric vehicles to participate in the power grid scheduling， promote the electric vehicles to obtain higher auxiliary service benefits， and have great environmental benefits in the areas of new energy consumption， carbon emission and so on.
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  Research on Island Microgrid Topology and Its Control Strategy Based on Energy Exchange Station

  CHEN Jietao， JIANG Daozhuo， ZHANG Chong， RUAN Chuang， YANG Yifan

  Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(4): 60-69. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.04.008

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  This paper firstly analyzes the problems faced by island power supply， and the feasibility using microgrid group for island power supply. The concept of energy exchange station （EES） and topology of microgrid based on EES is proposed. The calculation method of  microgrid power shortage under different control strategies is given and an adaptive control strategy for EES-based island microgrid group is proposed. A simulation model was built in MATLAB/Simulink to simulate two different operating conditions of EES.  The simulation results show that the topology and its control strategy can effectively realize the energy transmission among micro network groups with different control strategies， and improve the utilization of island energy.
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  Power System Operation Flexibility and Flexible Ramping Products

  HU Jiahua， WEN Fushuan， MA Li， PENG Shengjiang，FAN Menghua，XU Haoliang

  Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(4): 70-80. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.04.009

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  With the ever-increasing penetration of intermittent renewable energy generation， the operation flexibility of a given power system is more and more demanded. To address the issue of insufficient upward and downward ramping capability in real-time dispatch， flexible ramping product （FRP） has been proposed and initially implemented by some independent system operators （ISOs） in the United States as a new market design. The main function of FRP is to explore flexible capability from dispatchable resources so as to meet potential upward and downward ramping requirements， and thus to enhance power system operation flexibility for effectively responding to various operation conditions. The basic concepts and related subjects of power system operation flexibility are first clarified， and it is pointed out that the ability to maintain the balance between power supply and power demand at all time scales under credible complex scenarios is one of the important characteristics of strong operation flexibility. Besides， the impacts of high penetration of intermittent renewable energy generation on power system operation flexibility are examined. FRP is then introduced with the focuses on basic concepts， main characteristics， pricing mechanism and clearing models， and comparisons with the existing ancillary services are made as well. Furthermore， two case studies are served for demonstrating the implementation of FRP in enhancing power system operation flexibility. Finally， the current research status of FRP is outlined， and prospects on FRP-related subjects to be studied presented.
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  Comprehensive Evaluation of Regional Integrated Energy System Considering Multi-participant Interest Coordination  

  HUANG Wei， GUO Zhaorui， HUA Liangliang

  Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(4): 81-89. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.04.010

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   The issue of effective and objective evaluation of regional integrated energy system （RIES） is critical to the development of RIES. On this account， a comprehensive evaluation model of RIES based on matter element extension is proposed in this paper. A comprehensive evaluation index system which covers the benefits of government， main grid， investment operator， and customers is designed. The indices reflect energy， environment， economy， technology， reliability performance of RIES. On the above basis， the matter element extension model with set valued iteration-anti entropy combined weighting method is established to achieve quantitative and comprehensive evaluation of RIES planning schemes. Case study proves the effectiveness of the evaluation model.
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  Distribution Network Economic Dispatch Based on Network Reconfiguration and Power-heat Combined Demand Response

  WAGN Yali， LIU Hong， ZHAO Juan， GUO Yue， ZHANG Chenghao， HAN Changzhan， LIU Mengyi

  Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(4): 90-97. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.04.011

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  With the continuous growth of multi-type loads such as electric heating in the power grid， traditional single-scheduled means such as electric load demand response or network reconstruction cannot meet the demand of safe and economic operation of the distribution network. A reliable economic dispatching method for distribution network with the combined demand response of end users is proposed. Firstly， the electric load demand response model considering user's responsiveness and satisfaction is constructed. Secondly， the output model of different components in the power-heat coupling system is constructed， and the heat load demand response strategy based on peak and valley electricity price is proposed. With the goal of minimum distribution network operation cost， the safe economic dispatch model of distribution network with multi-period network reconstruction and power-heat comprehensive demand response is co-ordinated. Finally， the validity and practicability of the proposed model and method are verified by an example.
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  Optimization of Wind Power Integration Capacity Considering Spinning Reserve with Energy Storage System in the Context of Direct Power Purchase#br#

  DENG Qiang， ZHAN Hongxia， YANG Xiaohua， MEI Zhe， ZHANG Hao， ZHU Jinlong

  Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(4): 98-109. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.04.012

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  In order to solve the contradiction between direct power purchase and wind power consumption， large consumers may contribute to wind power accommodation by direct power purchasing as proposed in this paper， upper and lower spinning reserves are used to deal with the uncertainty of wind power， and the energy storage system is introduced to make up for the shortage of spinning reserve caused by higher demand. A Stackelberg Game model is established aiming at the optimal capacity of wind power integration in the context of direct power purchase by large consumers. The model takes power generation companies as leaders and wind farms as followers. Finally， the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is applied in simulation analysis on the IEEE 30-node system with wind farm. Case study shows that the proposed method is valid.
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  Optimized Strategy for Reducing Capacitor Voltage Ripple in Hybrid Modular Multilevel Converter

  LU Feng， LI Yu， XU Jianzhong， ZHAO Chengyong，QU Haitao

  Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(4): 110-118. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.04.013

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  Modular multilevel converter （MMC） has been widely used in high voltage direct current （HVDC）. The MMC， which consists of half bridge and full bridge submodules， has attracted the attention of domestic and foreign scholars because of the self-cleaning ability of DC short-circuit fault. According to the switching function of the hybrid MMC， the hybrid MMC is modeled under the ideal condition， and the fundamental frequency voltage fluctuation on the capacitor of the submodule is analyzed. A coordination strategy is proposed， which suppresses capacitor voltage fluctuation of sub-module by over modulation. On this basis， a new method for optimizing the number of half-bridge sub-modules based on third harmonic injection is proposed， which reduces the number of new added half-bridge sub-modules and alleviates the side effects of full-bridge capacitance voltage drop caused by simply increasing the modulation ratio. Finally， the correctness and validity of the proposed strategy are verified by simulation of a two-end ±160 kV hybrid MMC in PSCAD/EMTDC.
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  Calculation Method for Line-to-Ground Short-Circuit Currents of VSC-HVDC Grid

  CHEN Ning， QI Lei， CUI Xiang， MA Jiangjiang

  Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(4): 119-127. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.04.014

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  The magnitude of short-circuit current is very important for voltage source converter based high voltage direct current（VSC-HVDC） grid design and DC circuit breaker selection. This paper proposes a calculation method for line-to-ground short-circuit currents of bipolar DC grid that the neutral network consists of overhead lines. The principle of the method is to set up the state equations of the DC grid when the line-to-ground fault occurs， and to calculate the short-circuit currents by numerical calculation. Taking Zhangbei VSC-HVDC grid project as an example， this paper proves that the proposed method is accurate and efficient. In this paper， the influence of current-limiting reactor and other parameters on short-circuit current is analyzed by using the proposed method， which provides a reference for engineering design. The calculation method proposed in this paper can be widely used in different terminals of VSC-HVDC grid based on modular multilevel converter （MMC）， which provides support for the parameters design of DC grid and the selection of DC circuit breakers.
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  Study on Main Circuit Design of ±1 500 kV UHVDC Transmission System

  CHEN Zhao， YUE Bo， YANG Qiming， LIU Siyuan， LI Qi

  Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(4): 128-134. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.04.015

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  In order to meet the demand of interconnection of ultra-long distance and large capacity power transmission， one of the feasible schemes is to study direct current （DC） transmission technology with higher voltage level. This paper focuses on the conceptual main circuit design of the ±1 500 kV voltage-class DC transmission，proposes a wiring pattern in which three 12-pulse converter are connected in series. Combined with the characteristics of the wiring type， various DC operation modes including bipolar hybrid voltage mode and bipolar 2/3（1/3） voltage mode are proposed. It also forms a recommended scheme for key equipment parameters such as ±1 500 kV DC engineering converter transformer， smoothing reactor， DC filter and reactive power compensation equipment.