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01 May 2019, Volume 40 Issue 5
    

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  • FU Zhixin, LI Xiaoyi, YUAN Yue
    Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(5): 1-12. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.05.001
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    The increasing pressure of energy supply and the continuous access of a large number of distributed energy sources pose unprecedented challenges to the economic operation, security management and application services of power systems. The State Grid Corporation of China has put forward the idea of building the ubiquitous power internet of things. With the internet of things technology, the power system would be endowed the ability of flexible perception, real-time communication, intelligent control and reliable information security. It would be benefit to improve the intelligent level of power grid operation control and dispatch, enhance the interaction ability between various types of energy and transform the existing power system into an intelligent networked power energy system with higher efficiency, safety, reliability, elasticity and sustainability. After analyzing the basic concepts, main characteristics, key technologies and typical applications of ubiquitous power internet of things, the main challenges faced by the construction of ubiquitous power internet of things is summarized in order to provide useful reference for related research.
  • LI Hongqing,ZHOU Jianping,MAO Dajun,LI Xinyu, HU Chengyi,DENG Yujun
    Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(5): 13-19. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.05.002
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    Aiming at the randomness and intermittence of renewable energy in microgrid and the problems caused by the limited capacity of energy storage devices, a secondary power assignment and interactive control strategy for hybrid energy storage is proposed. The strategy determines the operating mode of the system according to the SOC (state of charge) of the supercapacitor, and the coordinated control method of slack terminal in each working mode is analyzed in detail. In the critical limit charging and discharging mode, the concept of interactive correction current is introduced, the action interval of the interactive correction current is determined according to the magnitude of voltage change rate, so that the state of charge of the supercapacitor changes to a stable direction. In the limit charging and discharging mode, secondary power assignment and interactive control strategy that take into account the charge and discharge amount and SOC recovery change the filter time constant is proposed. Finally, the proposed control strategy is applied to the simulation of a DC micro-grid. The results show that the control strategy can enhance the reliability of the energy storage device, realize the self-recovery of the state of the charge, and reduce the capacity configuration of the supercapacitor.
  • YIN Qukai, MI Zengqiang, JIA Yulong, FAN Hui
    Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(5): 20-27. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.05.003
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    With the development of power market and the improvement of energy storage technology, it has become a trend to access a large number of distributed energy storage systems in distribution networks. In order to improve the economy of distributed energy storage participating in power grid operation and solve the contradiction between high cost and low profit, this paper establishes an optimal regulation model of distributed energy storage on the basis of improved K-means clustering in power market. The model can balance the difference of life loss between distributed energy storage individuals, reduce the total operating cost and improve the scheduling potentials of distributed energy storage during operation. Finally, 500 energy storage systems with different parameters in the electricity market are taken as  examples to verify the feasibility and validity of the proposed regulation model, which provides a new idea for distributed energy storage to participate in the operation of power grid.
  • LI Gang,HUANG Peishuo,CHEN Yixiao,ZHENG Guping
    Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(5): 29-37. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.05.004
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    The cyber physical power system (CPPS) brings some potential risks for the smart grid, which is caused by the complex mechanism in the coupling process between the primary system and the secondary system. This paper proposes a CPPS security situation assessment model that considers threat propagation. First,  the CPPS is abstracted into a network. Assets in the power system are defined as network nodes, and the connections those exist between assets are defined as the edges of the network. Then, the threat propagation is defined between assets as a threat propagation tree, and the importance of each asset in the CPPS is quantitatively evaluated. Finally, a decision-making membership function is applied to the accuracy and timeliness of the scene, and the improved threat propagation tree is used to evaluate the situation on the basis of the filtered information. Through the example analysis on the IEEE 30-node system, the simulation results verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed model.
  • LU Linjie, LI Gang, HU Jingya, ZHEN Hua, XIANG Zhiyu, ZHOU Guoliang
    Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(5): 38-47. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.05.005
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    Energy internet is an important direction of traditional energy transformation and new energy development. The characteristics of block chain technology, such as weak centralization, tamper-proof and intelligent contract, are naturally suitable for energy internet transaction needs. Developing peer-to-peer energy trading in energy internet can improve multi-agent benefits and vigorously promote new energy construction. Under this background, the integration of block chain technology and energy internet is firstly analyzed in this paper. And then, the consensus and contract mechanism are designed based on the application scenario of  energy local  network (ELN) and the characteristics of multi-agents. Meanwhile, a multi-chain structure is adopted to build a support environment model to meet the requirements of energy block chain transaction. Finally, the user-side energy is elaborated from three dimensions of value-information-physics. The realization of the transaction and its advantages are also discussed. The application and expansion of block chain technology in user-side energy trading are prospected.
  • CAI Xingpu, WANG Qi, TAI Wei, LIU Keyan
    Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(5): 48-54. https://doi.org/DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.05.006
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    With the great development of the information communication technology, power systems have been typical cyber physical system (CPS). Although the control function of the grid side is becoming more intelligent, cyber physical power system(CPPS)brings the risk of potential cyber attacks. In this paper, the feasibility of false data injection attack (FDIA) for CPPS is analyzed firstly, then a defense method for key measurement devices is proposed on the basis of game theory for the multi-stage dynamic interaction process between attacker and defender. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified on the IEEE standard system.
  • WANG Weixian, ZHU Jie, TIAN Heping, CHEN Zhen, YUAN Xiaoxi
    Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(5): 55-62. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.05.007
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    In order to improve the capability of information security protection of the charging pile and guarantee the confidentiality, integrity and authenticity of data transmitted between charging pile and background service management center, this paper analyses the information security threat and security requirements of the charging pile and designs an information security protection scheme of charging pile-background service management center on the basis of authentication and encryption by means of using AES algorithm and HMAC-SHA256 algorithm. On the basis of STM32F407ZGT6 and embedded operating system μC/OS-III, a simulation platform of charging pile communication is built. Then, the application layer communication protocol has been formulated to implement the information security protection scheme of charging pile-background service management center. Finally, the transmission time of four security cases (plaintext transmission, encrypted transmission, authentication transmission and authentication encryption transmission) is measured and the effect of information security protection scheme on real-time transmission is quantified. The results show that the information security protection scheme designed can meet the confidentiality, integrity, authenticity and real-time requirements of communication between the charging pile and background service management center.
  • XIAO Zeqing, HUA Haochen, CAO Junwei
    Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(5): 63-70. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.05.008
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    The artificial intelligence technology has outstanding advantages in solving complex problems efficiently. Energy Internet, fusing energy with information technology, can provide consumers with flexible energy sharing services. Due to the intermittence and volatility of power generation by renewable energy, not only effective utilization of renewable energy requires more  real-time information of energy supply and demand, but also the mode of energy supply and demand becomes more complex and variable. Recently, artificial intelligence technology has been widely used in system modeling, prediction, control, optimization, and other aspects in the field of energy Internet. This paper makes an overview on the current research outputs of the artificial intelligence technology in typical application scenarios in energy Internet. Besides, the related future development trend is also put forward.
  • YANG Yinan, QI Linhai, WANG Hong, SU Linping
    Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(5): 71-77. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.05.009
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    Data-driven deep learning technology has become the application trend of the new generation of smart grids, which puts higher demands on the magnitude of the labeled training data in the grid. In order to obtain more labeled smart grid sample data, this paper proposes a training sample generation algorithm based on improved generative adversarial network. The method improves the generation model and discriminant model of GAN through alternate training, and does not need the guidance of prior knowledge to autonomously learn the distribution law of the original samples and generate new data samples. Then the artificial neural network is used as the basic classifier to calculate the accuracy of the sample classification and verify the validity of the generated samples. Experiments have shown that the improved GAN model can effectively learn the distribution law of samples and improve the accuracy of harmonic classification. This method has good anti-noise ability and generalization, which is of great significance for development of deep learning technology in smart grid.
  • WU Xiaofei,DAI Hui,HUANG Xiaojian,YANG Meng,LIU Haoming
    Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(5): 78-89. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.05.010
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    With large-scale photovoltaic (PV) systems access to distribution network, a coordinated voltage control strategy considering PV converter's reactive power for distribution network with multiple voltage levels is proposed, which aiming at the problem that low-voltage distributed PV's reactive power is not fully utilized and reactive power and voltage in high and low voltage distribution network are not coordinated and optimized as a whole. In the low-voltage distribution network where communication network is not available and unable to achieve unified scheduling, three kinds of local autonomous voltage control modes are chosen to control the reactive power and voltage in real time. In the proposed reactive power and voltage coordinated control model for distribution network with multiple voltage levels, considering a variety of reactive power sources including PV inverters with communication networks, models for voltage partition and dominant node selection are established, and a two-layer coordination control strategy, including the upper global optimization and the lower subdivision optimization, is designed. This strategy fully mines the capability of PV converter's reactive power to adjust the voltage of the distribution network, and realizes the accurate control of reactive power and voltage. A practical example system, the distribution network supplied by Shuanglong 220 kV substation in Jiangsu Province, is used to verify the proposed strategy, and the results verify its advantages in reactive power and voltage control as well as the ability of accessing PV power.
  • SUN Yuxiao,ZHU Junpeng,YUAN Yue
    Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(5): 90-97. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.05.011
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    In order to get the accurate scheme of optimal islanding partition in distribution network and accurately evaluate the beneficial effect of distributed generation access on improving the reliability of distribution network. A multi-time dynamic islanding model based on mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) is proposed. On the basis of sequential Monte Carlo simulation, a reliability evaluation process considering dynamic islands under fault conditions is proposed. The dynamic islanding partition model takes into account the fluctuation of distributed generation and load, and establishes the power sequential model of distributed generation and load. The radial topology of islands during fault is guaranteed by establishing linear logic constraints of branch power and node state. Taking the improved RBTS-BUS6 system as example, the reliability of active distribution network(ADN)with distributed solar power and energy storage is analyzed. The results show that the proposed power island model can restore power supply to a maximum extent and effectively improve the reliability level of distribution network.
  • ZHANG Qi,JIA Yanbing,SONG Tianhao,ZHANG Baifu,ZHENG Huiping,MAO Sijie
    Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(5): 98-106. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.05.012
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    In order to ensure the reliable operation of power system, the unit commitment should take into account the risk brought by uncertain factors in power grid. Large-scale wind power integration into the power grid brings more uncertainty to the operation of the power system. Power grid interconnection can weaken the impact of wind power uncertainty on power grid operation to some extent, but at the same time it increases the complexity of unit commitment problem. In order to obtain a practical and feasible unit commitment scheme in a limited computing time, it is necessary to screen typical scenarios to measure the operation risk of the power grid. On the basis of wind power and load forecasting errors, a set of forced outage scenarios of units and tie lines in interconnected power grid is set up, and the risk quantification indexes of expected wind power curtailed (EWPC) and expected energy not supplied (EENS) of interconnected power grid are constructed, which are introduced into the objective function in the form of punishment. A model considering the multi-scenario running risks of safety constraint unit commitment of multi-area power grid is established. The correctness and validity of the commitment strategy is verified by the two-region 12-node system.
  • QI Shixiong, WANG Xiuli, ZHANG Wei, WU Xiong, WANG Gaoqin, SHI Xinhong
    Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(5): 107-117. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.05.013
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    Current clearing models of electricity market mainly include marginal clearing and high-low matching clearing. Clearing models may have influence on the structure of the electricity market and the bidding strategies of market participants. In this paper, two clearing models are introduced and an appraisement index system is proposed. The proposed evaluation method evaluates two clearing models from various aspects including market structure, market security, market economy, social welfare and environmental friendliness. First, it determines the comprehensive weight according to game theory, which avoids the one-sidedness caused by only using AHP or entropy method. In addition, for the reason that the traditional evaluation method neglects the influence among the indexes, an improved PageRank method is used to provide evaluation scheme, which considers the relationship among different indexes and obtains the transfer weights. Then the comprehensive weights can be revised to achieve a precise and reliable evaluation result. Finally, the monthly Northwest-Shandong cross-regional electricity trading data of the centralized bidding is studied to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method. The case studies show that the appraisement index system can reflect the advantages and disadvantages of the two clearing models comprehensively and accurately.
  • YANG Deyou, GAO Zi′ang, LI Yinxuan
    Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(5): 118-127. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.05.014
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    Accurate prediction of wind power is an important measure to solve the problem that large-scale wind power accesses in power grid. At present, there are still large errors in the wind power prediction. An interval prediction method of wind power based on bivariate empirical mode decomposition and least squares support vector machine is proposed to help solve the problem. Firstly, a scale factor rule is proposed to build complex-valued power intervals. Then, the upper and lower bound of wind power are decomposed by bivariate empirical mode decomposition and reconstructed by sample entropy to extract  main features. In addition, a model combined least squares support vector machine with deep belief network of each component is established. Finally, the overall interval prediction with a certain confidence level is obtained by superimposing the corresponding results. Taking real power data of a wind farm as examples, the results demonstrate that the proposed method can carry out power interval prediction, improving the interval coverage probability to get higher accuracy compared with the existing interval prediction methods.
  • FANG Jintao, GONG Qingwu
    Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(5): 128. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.05.015
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    Considering the uncertainty in the operation of distribution network, a risk assessment model is established to evaluate the system operation risk of accessing distributed power by the improved Monte Carlo method using the power flow calculation and topology analysis. A multi-objective optimal allocation model of distributed generation considering the operational risk of active distribution network is proposed. The operational risk RL  and operational cost  CDG  of active distribution network operation are taken as objective functions. An improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve the multi-objective optimization model to obtain the configuration of distributed generation and the trade-off between operational risk and operating costs. The simulation results show that the proposed multi-objective optimal allocation method for distributed generation considering the operational risk of active distribution network is more reasonable than the single optimization model considering only economy or reliability. It is suitable for seeking the optimal location and capacity of distributed generation, and the feasibility of the model is verified.