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01 April 2020, Volume 41 Issue 4
    

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  • HUAN Jiajia, XIAO Yong, LU Wensheng, LIU Hong, PENG Jiaying, PAN Xianxian, LI Jifeng
    Electric Power Construction. 2020, 41(4): 1-9. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2020.04.001
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( )   Knowledge map   Save
    In view of the fact that most of the current assessment methods for integrated energy reliability are oriented to microgrid systems, it is difficult to analyze the reliability of regional integrated energy systems from the perspective of system topology. A method for evaluating the reliability of regional integrated energy systems applying complex network theory is established. Firstly, taking regional integrated energy system as the research object, basic structure of the regional integrated energy system is introduced and the feasibility of the application of complex network theory is analyzed. Secondly, by improving the distance parameters within the complex network, a weighted complex network model including network characteristic is constructed. On this basis, from the perspective of system network topology, reliability evaluation indices including nodes and the system as a whole are proposed. Finally, the validity and applicability of the method are verified by constructing actual test cases. This paper explores the application of complex network theory in reliability assessment of regional integrated energy systems, and provides guidance on the reliability level for future planning and construction of regional integrated energy systems.
  • DING Baodi, JI Yu,WANG Yonggang,SU Jian, WEI Dajun,CHEN Jikai
    Electric Power Construction. 2020, 41(4): 10-21. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2020.04.002
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    Multi-energy complementary microgrid has obvious advantages in energy comprehensive utilization, power supply reliability and operational economy due to the multiple complementary power sources connected to the grid. However, compared with conventional distribution network, the incorporation of various types of distributed power sources has made the microgrid topology and operation mode more complicated, and there are some differences in fault characteristics corresponding to grid-connected/islanded operation. Conventional relay protection scheme is difficult to meet the protection requirements of microgrid. Aiming at this problem, this paper firstly discusses the shortcomings of conventional relay protection schemes, analyzes the fault characteristics in microgrid, and proposes an improved fault identification algorithm to achieve fast and accurate fault identification in microgrid. Considering the requirements of relay protection of microgrid, combined with improved fault identification algorithm, an integrated relay protection algorithm is proposed on the basis of an improved current differential protection and adaptive current quick-break protection on the feeder upstream and downstream. The relay protection algorithm not only reduces the scope of fault, but also improves the protection response speed and reduces the probability of protection rejection. Finally, in the RT-LAB real-time simulation system, a multi-energy complementary microgrid model including distributed power sources such as wind turbine, photovoltaic panel, energy storage battery, and micro gas turbine is established, and the simulations are conducted under different fault conditions. The simulation results verify the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed relay protection algorithm.
  • ZHOU Bin,ZHANG Weiguo, CUI Wenjia, MAO Dongyu, CHEN Zhong
    Electric Power Construction. 2020, 41(4): 10-21. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2020.04.003
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    Forewarning load will seriously affect the safe and economic operation of the power system. In this paper, for the users of electric vehicles who participate in vehicle to grid (V2G) service, considering the impact of forewarning load, early warning electricity price and incentive measures on the charging and discharging process, an optimization strategy for electric vehicle charging and discharging applying improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed. First of all, by calculating the discharge reward when the forewarning load occurs, models of forewarning load price and battery capacity loss are established. On the basis of the time-sharing price and the discharge incentive system, a model of user charge and discharge cost is established. In addition, the concept of long-term and short-term memory is introduced, and an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed. On the basis of above models and algorithm, taking the minimization of user cost as the optimization goal, considering the constraints of user charging demand and charging and discharging power, charging and discharging optimization strategies under different forewarning loads are proposed. The simulation results in MATLAB show that, under the premise of forecasting the forewarning load, the optimization strategy of charging and discharging in this paper can improve the participation of V2G, effectively reduce the user cost, and alleviate the grid pressure when the forewarning load occurs.
  • ZHAO Wenhui, ZHANG Jiuyang, GAO Jiaoqian,SONG Yajun
    Electric Power Construction. 2020, 41(4): 30-37. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2020.04.004
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    The construction and development of the power internet of things provides hardware and technical support for the interconnection of equipment in the power system. As the innovation of traditional fossil fuel vehicles, the large-scale grid-connection of electric vehicles can not only stimulate the consumption of renewable energy, but also serve as mobile energy storage devices to participate in power supply. In this context, this paper innovatively introduces the concept of dynamic electricity for the game of electric vehicles on grid-fed price. By establishing Rubinstein game model, this paper studies the dynamic game between the virtual electric vehicle aggregator and the grid about the on-grid price of clean energy. According to the game model of different amount of clean energy utilization, the game equilibrium solution of electricity price for limited-times discharge is obtained and deepening research will be expanded to infinite game. At the same time, combined with the current development speed of electric vehicles in China, the paper considers the changes of benefits of both sides of the game in the actual trading process under different market scales. Through the simulation analysis, it is found that the game benefit in the finite game will be affected by the total game times and the industrial scale of both sides. Whether the infinite game can reach the optimal solution in the transaction depends on the market structure of the both sides of the game. It is concluded that increasing the industrial scale of EV aggregators can effectively increase the benefits of aggregators, improve the economic efficiency of EV and promote the consumption of clean energy.
  • DONG Ling, NIAN Heng, FAN Yue, ZHAO Jianyong, ZHANG Zhi,LIN Zhenzhi
    Electric Power Construction. 2020, 41(4): 38-44. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2020.04.005
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    Reasonable allocation of energy storage system is an effective way to solve the problem of renewable energy accommodation in Northeast, North, and Northwest China. First, the development status of energy storage industry in China is analyzed. The business mode of shared energy storage is proposed for renewable energy accommodation. Under the background of energy internet, the application prospect of blockchain technology in shared energy-storage transaction is discussed. On the basis of the practical case of sharing energy-storage transaction in Qinghai province, the feasibility and problems of sharing energy-storage transaction are analyzed. Suggestions are put forward for the development of shared energy storage in China.
  • ZHANG Jingwei, HUANG Ningxin, CHEN Baike, JING Zhaoxia
    Electric Power Construction. 2020, 41(4): 45-52. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2020.04.006
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    With the rapid development of renewable energy, pumped-storage station plays an increasingly important role in power system. In order to improve economic efficiency of both pumped-storage station and the society, it is vital to study the optimal operation strategy of pumped-storage stations.Firstly,the paper introduces current research of pumped storage participating in energy market, and then establishes a quadratic optimization model of pumped storage when participating in energy market. Besides, the model is expanded to adapt to more complex and practical occasions. Compared with the traditional mixed integer programming method, the quadratic optimization method proposed in this paper can reduce the running time and help operators to obtain more expected profits in energy market. The results of the example verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
  • GUO Wei,XIU Xiaoqing,LI Wenqi,LI Jianlin
    Electric Power Construction. 2020, 41(4): 53-62. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2020.04.007
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    According to the multi-functional application requirements of large-scale energy storage technology on the grid side, the planning problem of the grid-side energy storage system is decomposed into two levels, namely multi-site selection of the energy storage system and optimal allocation of power capacity. At the multi-site location level of the energy storage system, combined with the multi-functional requirements of the energy storage system on the grid side, combined with system stability and economy, on the basis of the line load rate, network loss sensitivity, voltage sensitivity, and taking into account the timing of the indicators, a multi-attribute comprehensive index evaluation model is constructed. At the level of optimization power capacity configuration of multi-point layout energy storage system, a two-level programming mathematical model is established. The outer layer considers delaying the upgrade income of transmission line, reducing system network-loss income, energy storage investment costs, and system operation costs to configure energy storage. The goal is to maximize the net profit of the system, and optimize the layout of energy-storage power and capacity at multiple points. The inner layer optimizes the source and storage operation curves with the goal of minimizing the operating cost after the energy storage is configured. Finally, the validity of the proposed model is verified on the basis of an improved IEEE 24-node calculation example, which lays the foundation for large-scale energy storage planning on the grid side.
  • LIU Lu, NIU Meng, LI Jianlin, HUI Dong
    ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION. 2020, 41(4): 63-72. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2020.04.008
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    To guide the technical upgrading of energy storage power stations with standards is an important way to achieve high-quality development of energy storage and the prerequisite to promote the development of energy storage industry. By sorting out domestic and international standards of electrochemical energy storage, especially analysing standards and specifications of electrochemical energy storage issued recently, this paper studies the emphasis and layout of recent electrochemical energy storage standards, extends and improves the framework of electrochemical energy storage standard system, proposes a standard system including six basic links such as basic general, system requirements, equipment and experiment, operation and maintenance evaluation, construction and acceptance and fire safety. The standard system has 32 technical aspects. This paper analyzes the promulgation of standards at each technical level, makes a layout of standards in key areas of energy storage industry. Combined with the technical status of energy storge industry in China, we give relevant suggestions and prospects for different fields of standard formulation, which provides valuable reference for the future work of standard formulation.
  • SUN Yi, LI Haoyang, LIU Yaoxian, QI Bing, LI Bin, ZHANG Xudong, LI Fei
    Electric Power Construction. 2020, 41(4): 73-80. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2020.04.009
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    Aiming at the low accuracy of low-frequency sampling and the poor stability of the system, a non-intrusive load monitoring (NILM) method based on improved hidden Markov model (HMM) is proposed. The model introduces artificial immune algorithm and incremental learning to optimize the traditional HMM model, solves the problem that the initial parameters of HMM model are easy to fall into local optimum, realizes the independent updating of model parameters by incremental learning, and makes the model adapt to the new environment. The recognition accuracy and robustness of the model are improved. Finally, the improved HMM model is analyzed by a low frequency data set. The results show that the model has certain advantages in recognition accuracy and robustness.
  • XU Zhiheng, ZHANG Yongjun, YU Zhaorong, WANG Gan
    Electric Power Construction. 2020, 41(4): 81-89. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2020.04.010
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    The integration and interconnection of electric power and natural-gas networks provides a new way for the accommodation of new energy such as wind power. This paper establishes a two-stage stochastic optimal scheduling model of integrated power and gas system(IPGS)considering the reserve service of power to gas(P2G)facilities and incentive demand response(IDR). The objective function of this model contains the cost of day-ahead scheduling based on the wind power forecast data and the compensatory cost of real-time scheduling based on the wind power scenario set. Meanwhile, this paper establishes a piecewise linear economical compensation model of incentive demand response considering the demand response uncertainty. The simulation system consists of an IEEE 39-node system and a Belgian 20-node gas network. The operation cost and margin of the reserve capacity in gas network is analyzed. And then, the effectiveness of the two-stage compensation schedule is verified. In addition, the influence of the response probability on the second-stage scheduling of integrated power and natural-gas energy system is analyzed.
  • DU Wei1,2,3, ZHANG Xiaochen2,3, YANG Dongmei2,3, CHEN Yonghua2,3, ZENG Ming1
    Electric Power Construction. 2020, 41(4): 90-99. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2020.04.011
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    As an important part of the new generation energy system, integrated energy system includes electricity, heat, natural gas and other energy systems, where the coupling among different energy systems is strong. This paper puts forward the architecture of cyber physical system (CPS) for integrated energy system, and expounds the hierarchical application and technical characteristics of CPS. Meanwhile, a thorough discussion on the key technologies of CPS for integrated energy system is proposed. Finally, in order to verify the architecture of CPS and related technologies proposed in this paper, an integrated energy management and optimization system is developed, which realizes energy monitoring, modeling and simulation of multi-energy flow, source-load prediction, system operation optimization, fault prediction and health management. The five functions strongly support the architecture of integrated energy system proposed in this paper.
  • WANG Liyan, XU Qiang, HUANG Kaiyi, WU Jian, AI Qian, ZHANG Yaxin, JIA Xuan
    Electric Power Construction. 2020, 41(4): 100-108. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2020.04.012
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    Aiming at the uncertainty of new energy and load, the quantile gradient boosting regression tree (QGBRT) combined with chance constrained programming method based on quantile-confidence interval prediction is proposed, and a two-stage stochastic scheduling optimization model based on energy hub is established. In the form of confidence interval, the method can reflect the adjustable margin of the unit commitment from the statistical level, and provide reliable reference for intraday and real-time dispatching. In the QGBRT prediction method, pinball function describing uncertainty is used as the loss function, and prediction results are used as the constraint information of chance constrained programming. At the same time, in order to make full use of the constantly updated information and relieve the pressure of intraday scheduling plan, in the first stage of the day, according to the published information, the start and stop states of all devices and trading energy state in the microgrid are determined. In the second stage of the day, according to the updated information, the equipment outputs on the basis of the first stage are adjusted and optimized to achieve the accurate and optimal scheduling, which is applicable to actual scheduling. Finally, a typical residential area with multi-energy system is taken as an example to verify the effectiveness and economy of the two-stage stochastic programming method.
  • LI Huaqu1,XIAO Jinsong1,SHU Zhan2,ZHANG Zheng1,YAO Liangzhong1,PENG Xiaotao1
    Electric Power Construction. 2020, 41(4): 109-116. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2020.04.013
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    Due to the random fluctuation of wind power having impact on the real-time operation state of power system, reasonable optimization of both location and capacity of grid-connected wind farm under the classical operation mode should be considered. It is benefitial for both reducing the static safety risk and improving the economic operation of the grid. Considering the uncertainty of both power-source side and load side, the correlation of different wind speed and the correlation of different loads, a probability power flow calculation method considering the correlation of random variables is studied in this paper, which generates the correlation samples by combing point estimation and inverse Nataf transform. Moreover, through embedding the point-estimation based algorithm for probabilistic power flow, which considers the random correlation, into the adaptive particle swarm optimization algorithm, and avoiding the optimism on the constraints caused by using the point estimation method to solve the probabilistic power flow, taking the minimization of both the active power loss rate of the grid and the average deviation of bus voltages as the objective, the method for reasonably planning both the location and capacity of grid-connected wind farm is presented. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed optimizing method is validated by the simulation carried out on the IEEE 57-node system. At the same time, the simulation result also shows the necessity of improving the reliability of the optimizing result by considering the correlation of the random variables.
  • YUAN Lili, YANG Yude, QIN Zhijun, LIU Hui
    Electric Power Construction. 2020, 41(4): 117-125. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2020.04.014
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    Recently, capacity of grid-connected wind power has increased, and power electronics technology has been widely used, causing new sub-synchronous oscillation problems. In order to cope with the problem, this paper proposes a method for analyzing the resonance characteristics of wind farms on the basis of impedance measurement. The effectiveness of the method is validated through the first IEEE benchmark model. A time-domain simulation model including direct-driven PMSGs and power electronic converters is established and it is analyzed on the basis of harmonic impedance measurement, which avoids complex formula derivations and calculations. The results show that the converter behaves as capacitive with negative impedance. The capacitive impedance of the converter forms a resonant loop with the inductance of the AC grid and causes unstable sub-synchronous oscillation.
  • JI Huizheng, ZHANG Fan, KANG Chunlei,HAN Minxiao
    Electric Power Construction. 2020, 41(4): 126-132. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2020.04.015
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     In the wind-thermal-bundled power generation and DC transmission system, the voltage regulation capability of wind turbines, the reactive power-voltage characteristics of DC system and reactive power compensation equipment will affect the voltage stability of the system. To analyze the voltage stability of wind-thermal-bundled power generation and DC transmission system, it is necessary to consider the interaction among wind power, DC and AC systems comprehensively. With DC power adjustment or failure, DC system brings safety and stability problems to the whole system. This paper analyzes the causes of voltage spike after DC blocking, studies the mechanism of reactive power regulation of DC system and control for reactive power and voltage by wind power systems, and puts forward the coordinated control strategy for wind power generation and DC transmission. It takes Heilongjiang power grid as an example to simulate and verify, which has certain guiding significance for voltage stability control of wind-thermal-bundled power generation and DC transmission system.