The impact of climate change on human society has attracted more and more attention, and the risk of power outage caused by a series of extreme weather is becoming more and more significant. In order to deal with climate change, especially extreme weather, human society needs to adopt two coping strategies of mitigation and adaptation. For the developing countries and small island countries, since climate change has already taken place, the climate problem will first be adaptation. In order to solve the problem of how the power system can fully adapt to climate change from all aspects, a power system development system adapted to climate change was established, and a construction method of power system development path covering extreme meteorological factors was proposed. On the basis of summarizing the impacts of various extreme weather on the power system, the vulnerability of power grid was evaluated. The overall strategy of adapting to extreme weather was studied, and the scheme of power system adapting to extreme weather events was proposed, namely planning-construction-emergency management-assessment (PCEA) disaster resistance system. In the planning stage, the study focused on the minimum power grid planning and built the minimum power grid backbone network without power outage. Based on the application examples in different stages of the scheme, it was verified that the PCEA system can make the power system better adapt to the extreme weather.

Objectives To address the impact of extreme high-temperature weather on the supply and demand balance of power systems, a medium- to long-term method for enhancing power system resilience is proposed. Methods First, the coupled “source-load” output characteristics under sustained extreme high-temperature scenarios are simulated, and an initial evaluation of system resilience is performed using a chronological operation simulation model. Second, based on the operation simulation results, a resilience enhancement-oriented power resource planning model is established, with the objective of minimizing the combined cost of power supply and load shedding under the constraint of supply and demand balance, thereby deriving combined measures for resilience enhancement. Finally, operation simulations of the resilience enhancement strategy scenarios are conducted to verify their effectiveness. Results Taking Guangdong Province in 2025 as a case study, compared with the scenario without the implementation of the resilience enhancement strategies for power systems, the application of such strategies under extreme high-temperature weather decreases the cumulative power shortage, maximum lost load scale, and economic losses caused by power shortage by 86.71%, 60.72%, and 91.55%, respectively. The system’s minimum power supply level increases by 11.07%. Conclusions By coordinating the expansion of power supply resources and deployment of load resources, the resilience enhancement strategies effectively improve the power system’s supply capacity under extreme high-temperature weather, while reducing the economic loss and social cost caused by power shortages.

Carrying out reliability evaluation of equipment system has important engineering application value for ehhancing performance, improving efficiency, and reducing management and control risks. Aiming at the large-scale complex equipment system, by constructing limit sequence kernel and limit reliability approximation function for different coupling structures, a multi-state reliability modeling, analysis, and fast evaluation method with low requirement of calculation resources, calculation convenience, and approximation accuracy meeting the needs of engineering is explored. The case study shows that the algorithm breaks through the bottleneck of large-scale reliability calculation technology of complex equipment system, improves the efficiency of reliability evaluation, and has good effect in evaluation and risk prediction. Moreover, the algorithm enriches the multi-state reliability modeling, analysis, and evaluation system of complex equipment system, which can provide advanced theoretical reserves and engineering technology reference for reliability engineering design, use, and management personnel.

With the frequent occurrence of extreme weather leading to natural disasters, it is difficult to use traditional reliability assessment methods for the comprehensive resilience assessment of distribution networks. This paper proposed a comprehensive resilience assessment method for distribution networks under high temperature weather. First, using the kernel ridge regression (KRR) method, a distribution network node load rate estimation method based on high-temperature weather segments was proposed. Secondly, in view of the impact of high temperature weather on the distribution network, a probability model of faults caused by changes in power flow caused by high temperature was established. At the same time, the impact of high temperature on the components of the distribution network was considered, and the fragility curve method was used to establish a fault model for distribution network components. And then proposed a comprehensive failure probability model of distribution network caused by high temperature weather. Thirdly, from the perspective of capturing the characteristics of the distribution network’s resilience function curve, a comprehensive evaluation index model AR for the distribution network was constructed,and Poisson distribution method to obtain distribution network resilience scenarios was used. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method and indicators was verified in a double-ring distribution network system example in a certain area in Beijing. The superiority of the comprehensive resilience assessment of the distribution network proposed in this paper was demonstrated through a comparative study with traditional resilience assessment indicators.

Under the background of “dual carbon”, new energy sources have begun to be connected to the grid on a large scale. However, the randomness and volatility of new energy generation significantly impact the power grid, making it urgent to build a new power system. As the cornerstone of the power system, traditional thermal power will transform into a basic security and system regulatory power supply, providing reliable capacity, peak regulation and frequency modulation and other auxiliary services. The flexible transformation of thermal power units has become an inevitable choice. The phased objectives, difficulties, and challenges of building a new power system were analyzed, along with the problems encountered in the flexible transformation of thermal power units at the present stage. Combined with thermal power operation data, the technical ways of configuring energy storage equipment for thermal power units were analyzed. The research shows that there are several issues in building a new power system, such as power system instability, difficulties in transforming traditional thermal power, high energy consumption, and environmental pressures. The flexibility transformation of thermal power units faces challenges such as insufficient peak regulation capacity, high operation costs, slow load response, high operation energy consumption, safety concerns, etc. The integration of thermal power and energy storage will bring better economic and environmental benefits.