随着新型电力系统加速构建,可再生能源发电装机与电量占比不断攀升。如何在源荷双重强不确定性下实现准确、高效、实用的电力电量平衡分析,是新型电力系统调控与规划中的基础与关键问题。通过对电力电量平衡分析在研究对象、分析模型与方法、评价指标与应用等方面的综述,总结了现有研究在平衡状态刻画和分析计算方面的不足。针对“强随机性与策略性下的电力电量平衡状态刻画”与“集中调控-协调自治平衡机制下的电力电量平衡分析与计算”两大关键科学问题,首先提出了涵盖“平衡边界生成-平衡分析计算-平衡状态评估-平衡预警-平衡能力提升”的新型电力系统电力电量平衡分析研究内容体系,接着阐述随机性平衡场景生成、多周期协调解耦的平衡分析、平衡状态评估指标体系设计、多时空分级平衡能力预警和新型平衡协作机制的研究思路与技术方案。最后总结并展望了新型电力系统电力电量平衡分析研究中需要重点突破的关键技术。

Battery storage is critical for integrating variable renewable generation, yet how the location, scale, and timing of storage deployment affect system costs and carbon dioxide (CO) emissions is uncertain. We improve a power system model, SWITCH-China, to examine three nationally uniform battery deployment strategies (Renewable-connected, Grid-connected, and Demand-side) and a heterogeneous battery deployment strategy where each province is allowed to utilize any of the three battery strategies. Here, we find that the heterogeneous strategy always provides the lowest system costs among all four strategies, where provinces with abundant renewable resources dominantly adopt Renewable-connected batteries while those with limited renewables dominantly adopt Demand-side batteries. However, which strategy achieves the lowest CO emissions depends on carbon prices. The Renewable-connected strategy achieves the lowest CO emissions when carbon prices are relatively low, and the heterogeneous strategy results in the lowest CO emissions only at extremely high carbon prices.© 2023. Springer Nature Limited.

As the construction of the novel power system continues to advance, the cooperative development of source-grid-load-storage is inevitable. However, under the background of “dual-carbon”, the existing source-grid-load-storage cooperative optimization scheduling method does not take into account enough factors such as carbon emission. It is difficult to support the low-carbon development of the novel power system. In this paper, firstly, dynamic carbon emission factors are introduced to propose a low-carbon demand response mechanism driven by both benefits and low carbon, and a low-carbon demand response model is built to accommodate the economic cost and low carbon emission. Secondly, based on the theory of carbon emission flow, a source-grid-load-storage synergistic day-ahead economic dispatch model is constructed considering the carbon flow constraints, which helps the power system to operate with carbon reduction. Subsequently, in order to deal with the nonlinearities introduced by the consideration of carbon flow constraints, a decomposition method is used to deal with them, which is solved by alternating iterations of the two subproblems: low-carbon scheduling and carbon flow calculation. Finally, through the IEEE-14 node system, we implemented the cooperative optimization scheduling for source-grid-load-storage coordination considering low-carbon demand response. The results show that the proposed model and method can effectively balance the carbon and economy, and promote the cooperative development of each section of source-grid-load-storage in the context of the “dual-carbon”.

为降低园区综合能源系统碳排放，基于园区能源需求和负荷特性，设计了基于电能替代技术的综合能源系统方案，建立全工况仿真模型。通过非支配排序遗传算法和Gurobi求解器对多目标协同优化问题进行求解，并采用熵权-优劣解距离法进行综合评价决策，从而确定最优系统容量配置和运行策略。案例分析表明：所提方案使园区碳排放强度降低77%，满足近零碳园区要求；年能源净成本降低61.2%，能源自给率提升至71.3%。优化后的综合能源系统显著提升了能源利用效率和安全性，降低了碳排放，增强了园区能源独立性。

To reduce the carbon emissions of the park's integrated energy system， an integrated energy system scheme based on electric energy substitution technology is designed according to the park's energy demand and load characteristics. A full-working condition simulation model is also established. Firstly， the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm （NSGA） and Gurobi solver are employed to address the multi-objective cooperative optimization problem. Subsequently， the entropy weight-solution distance method is utilized for comprehensive evaluation and decision-making， thereby determining the optimal system capacity allocation and operational strategy. Case analysis demonstrates that the proposed scheme decreases the park's carbon emission intensity by 77%， satisfying the requirements for a near-zero carbon park. Additionally， the annual net energy cost is reduced by 61.2%， while the energy self-sufficiency rate is increased to 71.3%. The optimized integrated energy system significantly enhances energy efficiency and security， reduces carbon emissions， and strengthens the park's energy independence.

以风能和太阳能为代表的新能源正逐步重塑能源消费结构，推动我国能源体系向绿色低碳方向转型；加快构建新能源产业区域协同发展的新格局，对保障国家能源安全与实现“双碳”战略目标具有重要意义。本文在系统分析我国新能源产业区域协同发展内在需求的基础上，全面识别当前我国新能源产业区域协同发展的现状和面临的挑战，并针对性地提出协同发展的建设路径与重点举措。研究表明，我国新能源产业区域协同发展面临能源资源与需求空间错配、产业链上下游空间割裂、国际能源竞争加剧等现实需求，在支撑“源 – 网 – 荷 – 储 – 数”一体化发展的基础工程、配套工程和市场体系建设方面存在诸多挑战。为此，坚持“全链条整合 – 全空间联动 – 全过程优化”的系统思维，本文提出了新能源产业区域协同发展的建设路径，即以区域内优化布局、区域间协调联动为两大着力点，聚焦资源开发、输电调度、负荷响应与市场交易4个关键技术突破方向，推进“源 – 网 – 荷 – 储 – 数”一体化路径创新与工程示范建设。研究建议，因地制宜科学布局风光大基地、强化跨区 – 省内 – 局域电网调度协同、推动负荷响应机制智能化与常态化、从“设计 – 运营 – 认证”全过程强化市场衔接，以期为我国新能源产业区域协同发展提供方向性启发与实践指导。

New energy sources represented by wind and solar power are gradually reshaping China's energy consumption structure and driving the transition of China's energy system toward a green and low-carbon orientation. This transformation accelerates the formation of a regionally coordinated development pattern within the new energy industry, which is of great significance for ensuring national energy security and achieving the carbon peaking and carbon neutralization goals. Based on a systematic analysis of the intrinsic requirements for regional coordination in China's new energy industry, this study identifies the current situation and major challenges of regional collaboration, and proposes targeted development pathways and key measures. The findings indicate that the regional collaborative development of China's new energy industry faces multiple challenges, including spatial mismatches between energy resource supply and demand, spatial fragmentation along the upstream and downstream segments of the industrial chain, and intensified international energy competition. Moreover, significant challenges remain in the construction of basic and supporting projects as well as market systems that underpin the integrated development of "generation–grid–load–storage–data". To address these challenges, this study adopts a systems-thinking framework featuring "full-chain integration, full-space linkage, and whole-process optimization," and proposes a coordinated development pathway focusing on intra-regional optimization and inter-regional collaboration. The research highlights four key directions for technological breakthroughs—resource development, power transmission and dispatching, demand response, and market transactions—and promotes innovative integration and demonstration of "generation–grid–load–storage–data" systems. Policy recommendations include: promoting the rational layout of large-scale wind and solar power bases according to local conditions; strengthening coordination across inter-regional, provincial, and local grid dispatching; enhancing the intelligence and normalization of demand response mechanisms; and improving market connectivity throughout the entire "design–operation–certification" process. These recommendations provide strategic insights and practical guidance for advancing the regionally coordinated and high-quality development of China's new energy industry.