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Forward Traveling Wave Pilot Protection for Renewable Energy Outgoing Lines Based on Post-Test Simulation Principle
SHI Hengchu, WANG Hongyu, LEI Shunguang, CHEN Xiaofan, LI Yinyin, YOU Hao, ZHOU Haicheng, SHU Hongchun
Electric Power Construction ›› 2026, Vol. 47 ›› Issue (10) : 62-74.
PDF(1431 KB)
PDF(1431 KB)
Forward Traveling Wave Pilot Protection for Renewable Energy Outgoing Lines Based on Post-Test Simulation Principle
[Objective] Against the background of large-scale renewable energy integration，the fault currents of renewable energy sources exhibit characteristics such as limited amplitude，frequency offset，and phase distortion. This leads to the insufficient adaptability of traditional power-frequency phasor-based protection，making it prone to maloperation or failure to operate. To address this issue，a forward traveling wave pilot protection method based on the post-test simulation principle is proposed. [Methods] Firstly，an analysis of the fault characteristics of renewable energy sources reveals that the fault current characteristics of full-power converter-interfaced sources and doubly-fed induction generators are significantly different from those of traditional synchronous generators，which leads to the poor adaptability of traditional protection. Secondly，the post-test simulation protection principle is proposed，and the voltage and current equations of lossless transmission lines are derived. On this basis，considering the resistance loss of practical lines，the expressions of simulated voltage and current are defined to calculate the quantities from the protection terminals to any internal point of the line. Finally，taking the line midpoint as the simulation point，the simulated forward voltage traveling waves extrapolated from both ends to the midpoint are calculated，and fault identification is achieved based on the waveform differences between internal and external faults. [Results] A simulation model of the wind-PV-storage transmission system is built in PSCAD/EMTDC to verify the applicability of the proposed protection. The results show that the proposed protection requires only a 2 ms data window for fault identification，can tolerate a transition resistance of up to 300 Ω and white-noise interference at a signal-to-noise ratio of 30 dB，and exhibits good adaptability to variations in renewable energy output. [Conclusions] The proposed method is a transient-quantity-based protection method that does not rely on power-frequency phasors and fault current amplitudes. It effectively avoids the adverse impacts of renewable energy fault characteristics on traditional protection，demonstrates good comprehensive performance and engineering applicability，and is suitable for pilot protection of renewable energy outgoing lines.
large-scale renewable energy / outgoing line / pilot protection / post-test simulation principle / traveling wave
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利益冲突声明（Conflict of Interests）： 所有作者声明不存在利益冲突。
作者贡献声明（Authors' Contributions）： 石恒初完成论文撰写；王鸿宇开展理论推导和仿真分析；雷顺广参与方案设计并修改论文；陈晓帆参与论文修改；李银银整理仿真数据；游昊验证保护方案；周海成收集相关资料；束洪春提出研究思路并指导论文写作。所有作者均阅读并同意了论文终稿内容。
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