目的 发展未来能源不仅是当前国际竞争的焦点，也是我国构建新型能源体系、高质量推进中国式现代化建设的必由之路。基于此，探讨了未来能源技术类别、研究现状以及未来发展趋势，旨在为相关领域的研究和政策制定提供参考。 方法 基于国际权威机构报告及全球典型项目数据，采用多维度分析方法，系统介绍了绿色低碳电源、生物能、合成烃燃料及氢能的全球研发现状。通过技术成熟度分级框架，结合经济性指标、政策支持力度及商业化案例，重点解析了各技术路线的关键突破、应用瓶颈与协同潜力，并构建了跨技术类别的能源转型路线图谱。 结果 随着技术进步和政策支持力度增大，可再生能源在电力结构中的占比得到显著提升，成为主要电源的进程持续加快。同时，生物能、氢能、合成烃燃料、可控核聚变等新兴技术的发展将为能源转型提供新的解决方案。 结论 研究结果为推动能源绿色低碳转型提供了科学依据，对能源领域相关人员研究和制定相关政策具有重要参考价值。

Objectives Developing future energy is both a current focus of international competition and an essential pathway for China to build a new-type energy system and advance Chinese-style modernization with high-quality development. Therefore, this study explores the categories, research status, and future development trends of energy technologies, aiming to provide references for research and policy making in related fields. Methods Based on reports from international authoritative institutions and data from typical global projects, multidimensional analysis methods are used to systematically introduce the global R&D status of green low-carbon power sources, bioenergy, synthetic hydrocarbon fuels, and hydrogen energy. Through the technology readiness level framework, combined with economic indicators, policy support, and commercial case studies, this study focuses on analyzing the key breakthroughs, application bottlenecks, and synergistic potential of different technological pathways, and establishes a systematic cross-technological roadmap for energy transition. Results Driven by technological advancements and policy support increase, the proportion of renewable energy in the power structure has significantly increased, accelerating the transition toward becoming the main power source. Additionally, the development of emerging technologies including bioenergy, hydrogen energy, synthetic hydrocarbon fuels, and controlled nuclear fusion will provide new solutions for energy transition. Conclusions The findings provide a scientific basis for promoting green and low-carbon energy transition, offering important references for researchers and policymakers in the energy field.

在微电网内光伏、风力机等可再生能源发电装置发生故障或天气状况不佳,输出的能量不足以支撑负荷时,要求微电网内的电池储能系统（BESS）具有一定的负荷支撑能力。基于此,提出一种计及BESS时间约束的孤岛微电网储荷协调控制方案。该方案根据BESS时间约束和系统频率约束条件,利用两级多代理（MAS）对微电网内非关键负荷进行管理,使BESS能留有足够的容量支撑关键负荷在供电恢复前正常运行和保证频率在规定的范围内。同时,为保证所有BESS同时给负荷供电以减少切负荷量,提出基于两级MAS的BESS组间荷电状态（SOC）均衡方案。仿真结果表明：所提方案能同时实现BESS的时间约束、SOC均衡和频率控制。

When the photovoltaic, wind turbine and other renewable energy power generation devices in the microgrid fail or the weather conditions are poor, and the output energy is insufficient to support the load, the battery energy storage system （BESS） in the microgrid is required to have a certain load support capacity. Based on this, a load-storage coordinated control scheme of isolated microgrid considering BESS time constraint is proposed. According to the time constraints and system frequency constraints of the BESS, the scheme uses a two-level multi-agent system （MAS） to manage the non-critical loads in the microgrid, so that the BESS can reserve sufficient capacity to support the normal operation of critical loads before power supply recovery and ensure that the frequency is within the specified range. ALSO, in order to ensure that all BESS supply power to the load at the same time to reduce load shedding, a state of charge （SOC） balancing scheme between BESS groups based on two-level MAS is proposed. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme can simultaneously realize the time constraint, SOC balancing and frequency control of BESS.

多元储能技术作为优化能源结构、促进新能源开发和保护生态环境的重要手段是构建新型电力系统的关键环节。本工作根据储能规模化发展需求，聚焦规模化多元电化学储能的度电成本与经济性。文章从多元电化学储能技术的应用现状出发，考虑到电化学储能的成本构成和特性，建立了多元储能优化全寿命周期LCOE模型，对电化学储能技术的经济性进行了测算。分析表明，提高电化学储能经济性的关键在于降低储能的初始投资成本或单位容量成本。最后，结合我国国情对规模化电化学储能的经济发展进行了总结与展望。

Multiple energy storage technology that optimizes the energy structure, promotes new energy development, and protects the ecological environment is the key to realizing new power systems utilizing new energy sources. This paper investigates the cost and economics of large-scale multiple electrochemical energy storage that meets the requirements of energy storage scale development. We first introduce the current application situation of domestic multi-electrochemical energy storage technology. To this end, we establish and measure the levelized cost of energy model for optimizing multi-electrochemical energy storage. We found that the power cost of electrochemical energy storage gradually decreases with increasing scale of the energy storage. In a comparison study, we then reveal that to improve the economics of electrochemical energy storage, we must reduce either the initial investment cost or the unit capacity cost of energy storage. Finally, we propose the economic development of future large-scale energy storage under China's national conditions.

目的 为研究高比例可再生能源接入所带来的电力系统功率平衡复杂性增加、潮流分布不确定性提升和电网安全稳定性要求提高的问题，提出了一种包含风电、光伏、蓄电池和氢储能的多微电网系统容量优化配置方法。 方法 在多微电网配电网框架下，建立双层优化模型。该模型外层目标为最低全生命周期成本，内层目标为最小化配电网的峰谷差、网损和电压偏移。基于IEEE 69节点系统，使用白鲨优化(white shark optimizer，WSO)算法和Cplex求解器对模型进行求解，并获取最优容量配置方案和规划运行结果。最后，通过不同储能组合进行案例分析。 结果 当系统各部件的容量配置达到最优时，风光发电系统与电氢混合储能系统的装机比例为1∶0.27。风-光-电氢混合储能系统在经济性和稳定性上优于风-光-单一储能系统。 结论 所提方法在优化系统联合最优成本的同时，还能够有效降低负荷峰谷差、配电网网损并提高电能质量。

Objectives In order to study the problems of increasing complexity of power balance, and increasing uncertainty of power flow distribution and increasing security and stability requirements of power grid caused by high proportion of renewable energy access, a capacity optimization configuration method of multi-microgrid system including wind power, photovoltaic, battery and hydrogen energy storage is proposed. Methods A bi-level optimization model is established under the framework of multi-microgrid distribution network. The outer objective of the model is to minimize the life cycle cost, and the inner objective is to minimize the peak-valley difference, network loss and voltage offset of the distribution network. Based on the IEEE 69-bus system, the white shark optimizer (WSO) algorithm and Cplex solver were used to solve the model, and the optimal capacity configuration scheme and planning operation results are obtained. Finally, case analysis is carried out through different energy storage combinations. Results When the capacity configuration of each component of the system is optimal, the installed ratio of the wind-solar power generation system to the hybrid energy storage system is 1∶0.27. The wind-solar-electric-hydrogen hybrid energy storage system is superior to the wind-solar-single energy storage system in terms of economy and stability. Conclusions The proposed method can not only optimize the joint optimal cost of the system, but also effectively reduce the load peak-valley difference, distribution network loss and improve the power quality.

为建设新型能源体系与构建以新能源为主体的新型电力系统，不同类型的新能源加入到电力系统中，高比例新能源的加入对电力系统的影响日益显现。基于国家大力发展新能源的时代背景，结合广东山区具有发展小水电和风电的区位优势，运用理论、仿真等研究方法，对光伏、风电、小水电等不同种类新能源组成的多能互补微电网孤岛初期频率变化规律问题展开研究。首先，研究小水电、风电及光伏发电分别作为单独的分布式能源接进微电网孤岛运行幅频变化情况，发现只有光伏微电网具有较好的孤岛运行稳定性。接着，探讨小水电和光伏分别加入对风电微电网在孤岛初期幅频变化的影响，发现光伏对风电微电网全工况都有支撑作用，而小水电在特定工况下支撑作用较大。最后，分析风光水多能互补微电网孤岛初期幅频变化的影响，研究结果表明风光水多种新能源在一定配比下具有较好的运行稳定性。

In order to build a new energy system and a new power system with new energy as the main body, different types of new energy have joined the power system, and the influence of the addition of a high proportion of new energy on the power system has become increasingly apparent. Based on the era background of national efforts to develop new energy, combined with the location advantages of small hydropower and wind power in the mountainous area of Guangdong province, using theory, simulation and other research methods, the frequency variation law of multi-energy complementary microgrid island composed of different kinds of new energy such as photovoltaic, wind power, small hydropower was studied in the initial stage. Firstly, the variation of the amplitude and frequency of small hydropower, wind power and photovoltaic power generation as separate distributed energy sources were respectively connected to the microgrid island operation. It was found that only the photovoltaic microgrid had better island operation stability. Then, the influence of the addition of small hydropower and photovoltaic on the amplitude and frequency change of wind power microgrid in the initial island was discussed. It was found that photovoltaic had a supporting effect on the whole working condition of wind power microgrid, while small hydropower had a greater supporting effect under specific working conditions. Finally, the influence of amplitude and frequency changes in the initial phase of the wind-light-water multi-energy complementary microgrid islanding was analyzed. The results showed that the wind-light-water multi-energy new energy had better operation stability under a certain ratio.

大力发展新能源是我国实现碳达峰、碳中和战略目标，加速能源结构绿色低碳转型的刚性需求与必由之路。本文在调研分析我国新能源发展现状和趋势的基础上，展望了我国中期（2030年）、远期（2060年）高比例新能源并网场景；阐述了高比例新能源并网与运行面临的高效消纳与能源保障难题并存、安全稳定运行难度剧增、电力市场机制不适应等挑战；从电源侧、电网侧、负荷侧、储能及基础支撑4个方面，全面分析了高比例新能源并网与运行关键技术体系。着眼我国高比例新能源并网与运行的长期稳健发展，提出了加强协调规划、提升灵活平衡能力，强化技术攻关、突破关键技术体系，建立衔接机制、支撑新能源参与市场，深化市场设计、适应新能源消纳场景等建议，可为电力领域规划、电力技术研究提供基础参考。

Vigorously developing new energy is vital for China to achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality goals and to accelerate the green and low-carbon transformation of its energy structure. This study first investigates the current status and trend of China's new energy development and then prospects grid integration scenarios for a high proportion of new energies in China in the medium (2030) and long term (2060). The challenges faced by the grid integration are analyzed, including coexistence of high-efficiency consumption and energy guarantee problems, increasing difficulty in safe and stable operation, and an unsuitable power market mechanism. Moreover, a key technology system is proposed from the perspectives of source side, grid side, load side, as well as energy storage and basic support. To achieve long-term steady development of the gird integration and operation for the high-proportioned new energy, we propose to strengthen coordinated planning to promote flexibility, make breakthroughs in key technologies, establish an interim mechanism between new energy policies and the power market, and improve the design of the power market to adapt to new energy consumption scenarios. This study could provide a basic reference for the research on power system planning and electric technologies.