随着分布式电源的规模化接入,针对极端灾害引起的大规模停电事故难以采用传统的配电网故障恢复策略。首先,提出了极端灾害下考虑源网荷储协调优化提升配电网韧性的策略框架。其次,针对分布式能源出力的不可控性和时变性,建立了光储和风储系统模型(optical storage and wind storage system,OWS)。同时,考虑到负荷的价格需求弹性,建立了极端灾害下的负荷需求响应(load demand response,LDR)模型。再次,以负荷恢复的总价值最大为目标,考虑LDR补偿、故障抢修与网络重构过程中的网损成本,建立了考虑源网荷储协同优化的配电网韧性提升模型。最后,在改进的PG&E 69节点配电网系统算例中验证了所提策略的有效性,结果表明利用多能互补的特性进行源网荷储的协同优化有利于提高配电网的故障恢复能力。

With the large-scale access of distributed power generation, the traditional fault-recovery strategy for distribution network is difficult to be applied to large-scale blackouts caused by extreme disasters. Firstly, this paper proposes a strategic framework to optimize and improve the resilience of distribution network considering the coordination of source, network, load and storage under extreme disasters. Secondly, aiming at the uncontrollability and time variability of distributed energy output, the PV-storage and wind-storage (PWS) system models are established. At the same time, considering the relationship between electricity price demand response (DR) and load demand, a load demand response (LDR) model under extreme disasters is established. Thirdly, aiming at maximizing the total value of load recovery, considering the cost of network loss in the process of LDR compensation, fault repair and network reconstruction, a resilience promotion model for distribution network considering the source-network-load-storage collaborative optimization is established. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified in an improved PG &E 69-node distribution network system. The results show that the source-network-load-storage cooperative optimization according to the characteristics of multi-energy complementation is beneficial to improve the fault recovery ability of the distribution network.

城市能源系统结构复杂且脆弱,容易受到极端事件的影响,“高弹性”成为城市能源系统建设新目标。首先,剖析高弹性城市能源系统建设面临的“结构脆弱-环境恶化-协调不足-恢复复杂”四大难题,明确高弹性城市能源系统的研究边界,分析“弹性城市”面临的自然灾害、环境恶化、人为干预三类威胁,总结能源结构优化带来风险、多能流网架协调复杂和信息物理通信安全存在威胁的三个典型特征;其次,按照“物理-信息-应用”三个层面提出建设高弹性城市能源系统的九类关键技术,分别阐述各类技术的发展现状,讨论其主要特征;最后,从物理层、信息层和应用层分别对高弹性城市能源系统的未来研究与发展路径进行了展望,为逐步建立智慧能源网络、智能控制系统以及安全供需体系,完善城市能源风险应急管控措施,加强城市能源供应保障,强化重要能源设施,增强能源网络安全防护提出建议。

Because of the complex and fragile structures of urban energy systems, which are easily affected by extreme events, constructing highly resilient systems has become a new area of focus. First, we analyze the four major problems of“structural vulnerability, environmental degradation, inadequate coordination, and complex recovery”facing the construction of highly resilient urban energy systems; clarify the research boundary of such energy systems; analyze the threats of natural disasters, environmental degradation, and human intervention faced by“resilient cities”; and summarize the risks associated with energy structure optimization and the complex coordination of multi-stream grids. Secondly, we propose nine key technologies for building highly resilient urban energy systems at three levels of“physical-information-application”and discuss the development status and main features of each technology. Finally, future research and development paths for highly resilient urban energy systems are proposed in the physical, information, and application layers, and suggestions are made to gradually establish intelligent energy networks, intelligent control systems, and security supply and demand systems and to improve urban energy risk emergency control measures, strengthen urban energy supply assurance, enhance important energy facilities, and strengthen energy network security protection.

为应对台风诱发的海上风电机组高风停机(high wind-speed shutdown,HWSS)事件,提出了一种含风储联合发电系统的多时间尺度协调调度方法。首先,基于历史和即时信息进行台风全生命周期模拟,得到强度时变的台风轨迹集合;基于台风轨迹和风电出力曲线,进一步计算该台风轨迹集合下风电场的可用出力,并纳入所提出的模糊集合中。其次,考虑风电出力波动对各类型备用需求的影响,提出了多类型备用需求的次小时级调度框架,以避免机组小时阶跃变化造成调度方法不可行的风险。然后,在此基础上,通过确定性转化形成可求解的混合整数线性规划问题。最后,在增加了2个海上风电场的IEEE-RTS系统上进行了仿真实验。实验结果表明,所提出的调度策略能够在台风极端天气下,充分利用风储联合发电系统的灵活性,通过预调度提升系统韧性。

To cope with the high wind-speed shutdown (HWSS) events of offshore wind turbines, which could be induced by typhoons, a multi-time scale scheduling method is proposed for the power systems integrated with combined wind-storage systems. Firstly, combining the historical and current information, the time-varying hurricane track set is generated by the full-life simulation of the hurricane, which is then integrated into the proposed ambiguity set; Then, the impacts of wind generation fluctuation on various reserve requirements are considered to develop a scheduling framework with constraints of multiple types of reserves to avoid the step increment in power generation of units, which may result in an infeasible scheduling plan. The framework is reformulated as a solvable mixed-integer linear programming problem by deterministic formulation. Finally, a simulated experiment is conducted on the modified IEEE RTS system with 2 offshore wind farms. The experimental result reveals that the proposed scheduling strategy can take full advantage of the flexibility of the combined wind-storage power generation system to enhance the resilience of the power system by preventive scheduling under the extreme hurricane events.

This paper explores the operational and physical resilience of acute care facilities, recognizing that the key dimension of acute care facilities is not a simple engineering unit. Quantification of resilience is first approached from the broader societal context, from which the engineering subproblem is formulated, recognizing that, to operate, hospitals depend intricately on the performance of their physical infrastructure (from the integrity of structural systems and nonstructural systems, lifelines, components, and equipment). Quantification relates the probability of exceeding floor accelerations and interstory drifts within a specified limit space, for the structural and nonstructural performance. Linear and nonlinear structural responses are considered, as well as the impact of retrofit or repair. Impact on time to recovery is considered in all cases. The proposed framework makes it possible to relate probability functions, fragilities, and resilience in a single integrated approach, and to further develop general tools to quantify resilience for sociopolitical-engineering decisions.

云边协同是适应分布式对象海量接入和支撑配电物联网自动化业务的电力自动化关键技术手段。为了充分发挥云边协同系统资源优势和降低配电物联网自动化业务延时，首先以云边资源协同的角度为切入，提出了一种计及资源弹性配置和通信安全加密功能模块的配电物联网云边架构，接着基于微服务的电力业务组织构建方式，构建了配电物联网自动化业务的时空逻辑模型和计算负荷模型。在此基础上，考虑容器资源的弹性分配和云边通信的加密延时，提出了一种云边协同资源弹性配置方法，通过整体协同边缘和云的多容器资源降低业务延时。最后，算例中分析了业务时空逻辑的影响，对比了不同场景设置下资源配置与业务延时结果，验证了所提方法的有效性。

  Cloud-edge collaboration is a key technological approach for power automation to adapt to the massive access of distributed objects and support the distribution internet of things (IoT) automation business. To fully utilize the resource advantages of cloud-edge collaborative systems and reduce the delay in the distribution of the IoT automation business, this study starts from the perspective of cloud-edge resource collaboration and proposes a cloud-edge architecture for the distribution of IoT, which includes resource elastic configuration and communication security encryption function modules. Then, using the microservice-based power business organization method, spatiotemporal logic and computational load models of the distribution IoT automation business were constructed. On this basis, considering the elastic allocation of container resources and encryption delay of cloud-edge communication, an elastic configuration method for cloud-edge collaborative resources was proposed to reduce business delays through the overall collaborative multi-container resources of the edge and cloud. Finally, the influence of different business spatiotemporal logics was analyzed, and the results of the resource configuration and business delay under different scenario settings were compared to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

针对现有配电网可靠性评估方法无法整体评估到低压,对配电终端类型考虑不全面的问题,提出一种考虑多种终端配置的中低压可靠性协同评估方法。首先,从评估对象、评估指标以及评估框架三方面说明中低压配电网可靠性协同评估的基本思路;其次,结合馈线分区理念,考虑各类终端对供电可靠性的影响,建立基于多模块智能终端设备配置的故障查找与影响分析逻辑;再次,结合所提故障分析逻辑,提出不同电压等级协同分析的中低压蒙特卡洛可靠性评估方法;最后,以IEEE RBTS BUS-2系统为例,对不同场景下的系统可靠性水平进行了对比分析,验证了所述方法的有效性。

Aiming at the problems that the existing reliability evaluation methods of distribution network cannot fully evaluate low voltage system and the types of distribution terminals are not comprehensively considered, a collaborative evaluation method for medium and low voltage reliability considering multiple terminal configurations is proposed. Firstly, the basic idea of reliability collaborative evaluation of medium and low voltage distribution network is explained from three aspects: evaluation object, evaluation index and evaluation framework. Secondly, combining with the concept of feeder partition and considering the influence of various terminals on power supply reliability, the fault finding and impact analysis logic based on multi-module intelligent terminal device configuration is established. Thirdly, combined with the proposed fault analysis logic, a low- and medium-voltage Monte Carlo reliability assessment method based on collaborative analysis of different voltage levels is proposed. Finally, taking the IEEE RBTS BUS-2 system as an example, a comparative analysis of the system reliability levels in different scenarios is carried out to verify the effectiveness of the method.

近年来台风、暴雨等极端天气对电力系统的安全造成巨大影响,电力系统的弹性成为人们关注的热点。配电系统弹性是系统应对极端事件的预防、抵御、响应及快速恢复供电的能力。提出了一种考虑智能软开关(soft open point,SOP)和分布式电源(distributed generation, DG)的配电系统弹性提升方法,在多阶段弹性提升过程中考虑了DG规划、主动孤岛运行、SOP快速故障隔离和供电恢复。首先建立了SOP数学控制模型和考虑SOP的配电网供电恢复模型;然后提出了多阶段弹性评估指标和方法,建立了含SOP的多阶段混合整数线性规划模型,并考虑了每个阶段的网络拓扑和操作约束;最后在IEEE 33标准算例上进行分析计算,验证了所提弹性提升方法的有效性。

In recent years, extreme weather events, such as typhoons and rainstorms, have greatly impacted the security of power systems, and the resilience of power systems has gradually become the focus of attention. The resilience of a distribution system is its ability to prevent, resist, respond to, and quickly restore power supply in response to extreme events. This paper proposes a method to improve the resilience of a distribution system by considering the soft open point (SOP) and distributed generation (DG). The DG planning, active islanding, SOP fast fault isolation, and power supply recovery capability are considered in the multi-stage power supply recovery process. First, an SOP mathematical control model and a distribution network fault recovery model considering the SOP are established. Second, a multi-stage resilience evaluation index and method are proposed, a multistage mixed integer linear programming model with SOP is established, and the network topology and operation constraints of each stage are considered. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed resilient lifting method is verified using the IEEE 33 standard example.