基于区块链技术的微网自适应定价策略及经济调度方法

doi:10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2021.06.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

单个微网应对各类分布式电源出力不确定性的能力有限,区域内多微网进行功率交互是提高可再生能源就地消纳率的有效手段。然而传统集中式交易平台存在平台运维成本高、资金结转不及时、交易信息不透明等问题。在此情况下,以区块链的分布式数据存储和点对点交易技术为基础,设计了多微网电能交易智能合约辅助微网决策。在多微网交易市场能量协调体系下,微网首先采用可调鲁棒优化制定考虑可再生能源出力不确定性的调度方案;其次调用多微网交易市场判定智能合约判定市场交易模式;然后基于智能电表完成自适应定价并调用分布式交易智能合约完成交易匹配;最后把交易匹配结果作为单微网可调鲁棒优化的输入循环探索可行解。最终选出了经济性较好的解作为微网在最恶劣分布式电源出力场景下的微网日前经济调度方案。通过算例验证了所提区块链辅助决策下微网日前鲁棒经济调度方法的有效性。

关键词: 可调鲁棒优化, 区块链, 智能合约, 自适应定价

Abstract:

The ability of single microgrid to deal with the uncertainty of the output of various distributed power sources is limited. Power transaction among multiple microgrids in an area is one of the effective methods to improve the consumption of local renewable energy. However, the traditional centralized transaction platform has the problems of high platform maintenance cost, untimely transfer of funds and opaque transaction information. In this situation, applying the distributed data storage and peer-to-peer transaction technology of blockchain, this paper designs smart contracts for multi-microgrid market transactions to help microgrids make decisions. Under the energy coordination architecture of multi-microgrid trading market, the microgrid firstly adopts adjustable robust optimization to formulate a scheduling plan that considers the uncertainty of renewable energy output. Secondly, the judgmental smart contract is used to judge the market’s trading mode. Then, smart meters are used to make adaptive price and the transaction matching is completed by the distributed transaction smart contract. Finally, the transaction plan determined by the distributed transaction smart contract can be used as the input data of adjustable robust optimization of the single microgrid to explore feasible solutions. At last, a better economic solution is selected as the optimal day-ahead output plan and trading plan for the microgrid under the worst distributed power output scenario. Simulation results indicate the effectiveness of the presented method.

Key words: adjustable robust optimization, blockchain, smart contract, adaptive pricing

中图分类号:

TM73

陈涛, 刘洋, 李文峰, 许立雄, 马腾. 基于区块链技术的微网自适应定价策略及经济调度方法[J]. 电力建设, 2021, 42(6): 17-28.

CHEN Tao, LIU Yang, LI Wenfeng, XU Lixiong, MA Teng. Adaptive Microgrid Price-Making Strategy and Economic Dispatching Method Based on Blockchain Technology[J]. ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION, 2021, 42(6): 17-28.

图/表 14

图1 多微网电能交易系统架构

Fig.1 Architecture of multi-microgrid energy trading system

图2 多微网系统结构

Fig.2 Structure of multi-microgrid system

图3 进取性模型

Fig.3 Aggressive model

图4 鲁棒模型求解流程

Fig.4 Flow chart of robust model resolving

表1 各微网日前调度计划的运行成本

Table 1 Operation cost of day-ahead scheduling plan for each microgrid 元

表2 各微网每轮迭代结果

Table 2 Iteration results of each round of each microgrid

表3 各微网参与多微网交易每轮的成本

Table 3 Cost of each microgrid participating in multi-microgrid transaction 元

图5 各微网参与多微网交易情况下的机组出力计划

Fig.5 Unit output plan of each microgrid participating in multi-microgrid transaction

图6 第2轮交易匹配结果

Fig.6 Matching results of the second round of transactions

表4 可调鲁棒参数Γ=0时优化结果

Table 4 Optimization results when the adjustable robustness parameter Γ is 0 元

表5 可调鲁棒参数Γ=24时优化结果

Table 5 Optimization results when the adjustablerobustness parameter Γ is 24 元

表6 未参与多微网交易与参与多微网交易购电成本对比

Table 6 Power purchase costs of micro-microgrid participating in multi-microgrid transactions or not元

图B1 各微网负荷及可再生能源出力

Fig.B1 Load of each microgrid and renewable energy output

图B2 各微网未参与多微网交易情况下的机组出力计划

Fig.B2 Unit output plan of each microgrid not participating multi-microgrid transaction

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