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01 April 2018, Volume 39 Issue 4
    

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  •  Cover & Contents
    Electric Power Construction. 2018, 39(4): 0.
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    LI Jianlin
    Electric Power Construction. 2018, 39(4): 1.
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  •  Comparison and Analysis of Multi-Attribute and Multi-Objective Energy Storage System Working Conditions Suitability
    LI Junhui1, ZHANG Jiahui1, Hu Dacheng1, LI Jianlin2, MA Huimeng2
    Electric Power Construction. 2018, 39(4): 2. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000－7229.2018.04.001
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     ABSTRACT：  There are different technical requirements for energy storage in power generation, transmission and other sectors. There are obvious technical and economic differences between energy storage types. There is no standardized evaluation index for energy storage configuration options that are suitable for different operating conditions. From the view of energy storage selection, this paper presents a comparative analysis method for the applicability of multi-attribute and multi-objective energy storage conditions. Based on the capacity allocation, investment cost and technical applicability of different energy storage types, we proposes the comprehensive evaluation index of energy storage conditions applicability comparison. And according to different demands of the power generation side, transmission side and the source network contradictory in power system, we establish the energy storage capacity optimization configuration method based on the characteristics of different types of energy storage technologies, in order to obtain the optimal energy storage scheme under different application scenarios. Finally, through the example analysis, the validity of the proposes method and the rationality of index selection are verified, which can provide the research foundation for the development of related energy storage technology.
     
  •  Application of Online Optimized Kalman Filter using BP Neural Network on SOC Estimation of Vanadium Redox Flow Battery
    CAO Hongfei, ZHU Xinjian
    Electric Power Construction. 2018, 39(4): 9. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000－7229.2018.04.002
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     ABSTRACT：   Traditional Kalman filter method on the SOC estimation of vanadium redox flow battery regards model parameters as constant. In view of that fact which leads to error increasing, this paper uses BP （back propagation） neural network to online update the real-time parameter values of the Kalman filter process to achieve higher accuracy. By using the common Thevenin equivalent circuit model, the internal resistance R0, polarization resistance Rp and capacitance Cp are updated through neural networks to complete the Kalman filter optimization so that the system model is updated in every step of Kalman filter estimation to make up for the defects of the traditional algorithm. Meanwhile, the battery test experiment is designed. Compared with the result of dual Kalman filter optimization, the results indicate that the method of neural network optimization can better reflect the dynamic characteristics of the system, and the estimated result has higher accuracy and better convergence. It is proved that this method is suitable for real-time SOC estimation of vanadium battery system and has practical significance and application value.
     
  •  Regime Recognition for Energy Storage System Based on Laguerre-NAR Bispectrum Estimation
    LIU Shu1, ZHANG Yu1, XUE Hua2, WANG Yufei2, HE Yang2, LI Yang3
    Electric Power Construction. 2018, 39(4): 15. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000－7229.2018.04.003
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     ABSTRACT： The energy storage system is widely used because of the role of power smoothing of renewable energy generation. But the nonlinear, non Gauss and fast dynamic characteristics of energy storage system make the real-time monitoring and accurate identification of typical working conditions become the key and difficulty of ensuring the stable operation of the system. In view of the large number of estimation parameters in the traditional nonlinear autoregressive （NAR） model, this paper proposes the Laguerre expansion analysis method to improve the accuracy of bispectrum estimation, and designs a new identification method for typical operating conditions of energy storage system based on Laguerre-NAR bispectrum estimation, which can extracts the signal phase information accurately and realizes the fast recognition of high frequency resolution. Simulation analysis is carried out on the measured data of energy storage system for wind power integration power smoothing. The simulation results verify the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed Laguerre-NAR bispectrum estimation method.
     
  •  Flywheel Energy Storage System Control Method Based on Hybrid Observer
    MENG Gaojun1，LIU Haitao1，FU Xiangyun2，YUAN Ye3
    Electric Power Construction. 2018, 39(4): 22. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000－7229.2018.04.004
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     ABSTRACT： To realize the control of the sensorless of the flywheel motor in the full range of the speed, at low speed, taking advantage of the characteristic that the direct axis inductance and quadrature axis inductance of motor are asymmetric, we can test the corresponding voltage （or current） signal in the motor by injecting high frequency voltage signal. At medium and high speed, we can use EEMF （extended electromotive force） to build a mathematical model of motor, adopt sliding-mode observer to estimate the counter electromotive, and choose the proper sliding gain to overcome the influences of parameter time-varying and systematic uncertainty. Then,  two weighted coefficient calculation methods are proposed in control algorithm switching area, and  smooth function is used to improve control switching process. At last, we build the full speed charging and discharging simulation model of flywheel motor. The results show that the proposed hybrid observer can effectively combine sliding-mode observer with high-frequency voltage signal injection to satisfy the no location detection requirement of flywheel motor at full speed.
     
  •  Influences of Renewable Energy on Hydrogen Storage System and Its Control Strategy
    NIU Meng， XIAO Yu， LIU Feng， ZHAO Pengcheng， ZHAO Bo
    Electric Power Construction. 2018, 39(4): 28. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000－7229.2018.04.005
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     ABSTRACT：   As a clean, efficient and sustainable carbon-free energy, hydrogen storage has attracted worldwide attention, which has been regarded as one of the key methods to solve the energy crisis and renewable energy consumption problems. This paper analyzes the influence of wave power supply on different types of hydrogen production equipment for the hydrogen energy storage system which is connected by the fluctuating renewable energy. Combined with the characteristics of different types of power fluctuations, the impact of renewable energy access to hydrogen energy storage system is analyzed in detail from two aspects of hydrogen energy storage equipment and hydrogen production effect. Based on the theoretical analysis, a modularized adaptive control strategy is proposed to reduce the influence, whose effectiveness is verified by simulation modeling.
     
  •  Joint Scheduling of Different Energy Storage for Improving Wind Power Accommodation Ability in Integrated Community Energy System
    WANG Chengliang1, LIU Hong2, GONG Jianfeng1, LI Jifeng2, YANG Shaohua1, LIU Jingyi2, DING Lixia1
    Electric Power Construction. 2018, 39(4): 35. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000－7229.2018.04.006
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     ABSTRACT：   For the situation that a large number of wind curtailment occurred during the heating season under the running mechanism of ‘Ordering power by heat’ in the northeast, north and northwest regions, this paper proposes an approach to joint scheduling of different energy storage for improving wind power accommodation ability in integrated energy system （IES）. Firstly, we set up the structure of integrated community energy system combined power and heat energy storage devices, which takes the electric vehicle as the flexible power storage device and models the subsystems of the system. Secondly, we construct the optimized scheduling model of different energy storage in integrated community energy system, which takes the best wind power accommodation ability as goal and the running condition of power and heat network as constraints. Thirdly, we apply quantum particle swarm optimization algorithm to adjust the output power of cogeneration units through multi-type energy storage devices in the system. Finally, through comparison and analysis by example, it is proved that adding different types of energy storage devices in the region can improve wind power accommodation capacity, and the consideration of interregional energy interconnection can increase the utilization of energy.
     
  •  Variable Power Control Strategy of Battery Energy Storage System Participating in Distribution Network Peak Load Shifting
    MENG Ya1, LI Xinran1,LI Shujuan1,HUANG Jiyuan2
    Electric Power Construction. 2018, 39(4): 45. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000－7229.2018.04.007
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    ABSTRACT：   With the fast development of social economy, the composition of power load becomes more complicated, and the integration of new energy in the distribution network also makes the problem of load peak and valley worse. Battery energy storage system, with its characteristics of rapid response, precise control and energy bidirectional flow, becomes an effective program to achieve ‘cutting peak filling’ in power system. This paper proposes a variable power control strategy for battery energy storage involved in peak load shifting in distribution networks. This strategy takes one day as the time scale and the energy balance of the energy storage system as the criterion, which effectively improves the peak-problem of distribution network. Taking the actual load data of a power substation as an example, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by comparing the proposed variable power strategy with the commonly used constant power strategy based on the proposed evaluation index.
     
  •  Islanded Microgrid Coordinated Control Strategy Based on Multi-Segment P/f Characteristic Curve
    XIONG Xiong1, SUN Qingkai1, JING Tianjun1, SUN Ke2, WANG Kun3
    Electric Power Construction. 2018, 39(4): 51. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000－7229.2018.04.008
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     摘要：针对独立微电网中分布式电源多元化的特点，在考虑分布式电源运行控制方法上，采用一种主从－集中与对等－分散的混合协调控制策略。将微电网中多个具备下垂特性的分布式电源进行对等控制，为分析对等控制中频率稳定的问题，基于平均频率法建立相应小信号模型进行分析并确定下垂系数。在主从－集中控制中，储能运行在V/f策略下维持系统稳定，光伏运行在PQ策略下输出指定功率。提出一种基于多分段P/f特性曲线的独立微电网功率分散管理策略，下垂联合单元与主从联合单元基于该特性曲线交替运行。最后基于PSCAD搭建相关仿真模型进行计算分析，结果验证了所提策略的正确性与有效性。
     
  •  A Capacity Configuration Method for Energy Storage Based on Feasible Operation Region of Wind Power and Life Attenuation
     
    ZHANG Yu1，XIAO Bai1，MU Gang1，ZHANG Zeyu2，LIU Dongyuan1
    Electric Power Construction. 2018, 39(4): 60. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000－7229.2018.04.009
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    ABSTRACT：  Proper capacity of energy storage for wind farm can reduce abandoned wind power and improve economic benefit. However, due to the expensive cost of energy storage and the defect of compensation mechanism in the present situation, the application of energy storage is restricted. Therefore, configuring the capacity of energy storage becomes a current research focus. Based on the actual demand of system load, this paper determines the feasible operation region of wind power. Considering the benefit of energy storage and the effect of life attenuation comprehensively, a energy storage capacity configuration method is proposed for matching the feasible operation region of wind power to maximize the net benefit of energy storage within the planning year. The feasibility of the method is verified by example. The results show that the proposed method can greatly improve the utilization rate and economic benefit of the energy storage system.
     
  •  Large-Scale Energy Storage System Help to Improve Northwest Areas Renewable Energy Absorption Ability
    XU Shaohua1，LI Jianlin1，SONG Xinfu2，LI Xuanxuan3，WANG Dingmei4
    Electric Power Construction. 2018, 39(4): 67. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000－7229.2018.04.010
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     ABSTRACT： In some parts of our countrys northwest area, the wind and solar energys abandoned phenomenon is severe now which has become one of the main factors to restrict the renewable energys development. With the rapid development of electrochemical energy storage technology, the time-space power characteristics of large scale energy storage system can rich the grids peak shaving means, improve the reliability of power supply, thus the renewable energys given ability of the northwest region will be improved. This paper analyzes the northwest power grids new energy absorption firstly, and proposes the large scale energy storage systems application scenarios in the northwest power grid. Then, based on the actual structure and operation data of Xinjiang, Gansu and Qinghai power grids, the simulation of the large scale energy storage system participated in frequency and voltage regulation is conducted. Based on the simulation result, the storage systems configuration scheme and investment benefits are concluded. The research results can provide a reference basis for the large scale energy storage systems investment and operation in northwest region.
     
  •  Microgrid Energy Management Based on Hierarchical Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithm
    LI Liming, LI Zheng
    Electric Power Construction. 2018, 39(4): 75. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000－7229.2018.04.011
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     ABSTRACT： In order to optimize the cost reduction, environmental cost and electrical load curve during microgrid operation, a hierarchical multi-objective optimization method, which can comprehensively considers the requirements of multifaceted targets in the process of microgrid scheduling, is introduced combined with NSGA-II multi-objective algorithm based on the Pareto theory. The global optimization ability of the algorithm is guaranteed by using the process of multilayer cycle optimization. Therefore, it is more suitable for solving the optimization problem of both power supply and demand of microgrid. The convergence rate of the algorithm is improved by assimilation process. Meanwhile, the isolation cross mutation is used to improve the Pareto optimal front of the algorithm, which can effectively improve the optimization ability of the algorithm. Finally, the effectiveness of this algorithm is verified by an example.
     
  •  Control Strategy of Distributed Energy Storage in Island Distribution Network
    LI Jiaji1, YU Baoxin1, ZHANG Huadong1, LI Wenlong1, XUE Yushi2, CHU Tiezhu1, BI Ran1
    Electric Power Construction. 2018, 39(4): 83. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000－7229.2018.04.012
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     ABSTRACT： To improve the reliability of the power grid with energy storage systems, this paper studies the control strategy of distributed energy storage to realize island mode of distribution network. Firstly, the constant voltage and frequency control strategy of LC filter power converter system （PCS） based on virtual resistor is proposed. Secondly, the droop control strategy based on the addition of virtual inductance is proposed, the decoupling control of active and reactive power when resistance is large in the distribution network can be achieved. And the method to obtain a reasonable value of the virtual inductance is given. Then, the state of charge （SOC） feedback is introduced which can dynamically adjust the active control parameters in droop control, the rational distribution of active energy among different energy storage is realized. Finally, an IEEE 14 node distribution network is set up in Simulink platform, and 4 distributed energy storage devices are connected to realize the island mode of the distribution network. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the control strategy, which can realize the island operation in the distribution network.
     
  •  Coordinated Optimization Control of Hybrid Energy Storage System Based on Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition
    LI Dayong1,DU Mingliang2, TIAN Chunguang2, HAN Xiaojuan3
    Electric Power Construction. 2018, 39(4): 83. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000－7229.2018.04.013
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     ABSTRACT：  Due to the strong randomness and volatility of the photovoltaic power generation, the energy storage system can be used to effectively stabilize the fluctuation of the photovoltaic output power. This paper proposes a coordinated optimization control method of hybrid energy storage system （HESS） bases on ensemble empirical mode decomposition （EEMD）. The photovoltaic output power is decomposed into the high frequency component and low frequency component by adjusting the filter order k1 of the EEMD according to the fluctuation rate limit of the photovoltaic output power, and the low frequency component is regarded as the connected grid power to achieve a smoothing control of the photovoltaic output power. In order to improve the service life of hybrid energy storage system, according to the SOC （state of charge） of batteries and super capacitors, the filter order k2 of the EEMD is adjusted to realize the energy distribution between batteries and super capacitors. According to the priority rule of charge and discharge of batteries and super capacitors, the optimal control between super capacitors and batteries is realized. The effectiveness and correctness of the proposed method are verified by a simulation example.
     
  •  Model Predictive Control of Inverters Without Phase-Lock Loop Under Unbalanced Grid
    LI Mengmeng1, WANG Yufei1, XUE Hua1, ZHANG Yu2, FANG Chen2
    Electric Power Construction. 2018, 39(4): 100. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000－7229.2018.04.014
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     ABSTRACT：   The traditional phase-locked loop （PLL） can not lock the phase of grid voltage precisely under unbalanced grids, which may affect the control characteristic of grid-connected inverter. This paper presents a model predictive control （MPC） method of grid-connected inverter without PLL aiming at the problem of inverter control under unbalanced grids and frequency variation. Firstly, the influence of unbalanced grids on PLL is analyzed. And then a second-order generalized integrator （SOGI） is employed to separate the positive sequence voltage component from the AC component of 2 times frequency generated by the negative sequence voltage component in dq frame. In the end a MPC method is employed aiming at the AC component generated by frequency-varied grid voltage in rotating synchronous. The simulation results show that non-PLL MPC can improve the control characteristic of grid-connected inverters under unbalanced grids and frequency variation.
     
  •  Undamped Control Strategy of Single-Phase LCL Grid-Connected Inverters
    ZHANG Xiaowei1,2,3，ZHOU Jinghua1，WANG Qihang1，CHEN Yaai1，LI Yaohua2
    Electric Power Construction. 2018, 39(4): 106. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000－7229.2018.04.015
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     ABSTRACT： The digital control system will bring system delay. Considering the control delay, to solve the single-phase LCL filters resonance problem, an undamped control strategy for single-phase LCL type grid connected inverter is proposed. The grid connected current is controlled by grid side current feedback, which can not only realize the operation of the unit power factor, but also do not need additional sensors to reduce the cost. Based on the analysis of the feasibility of the control strategy, the calculation steps of the parameters of the undamped controller are given, and the correctness and validity of the undamped control strategy are verified by experiments. 
     
  •  A Control Strategy for Hybrid Energy Storage System in Virtual Synchronous Generator DC-Side
    ZHANG Chenyu1, YUAN Xiaodong1, MIAO Huiyu2, ZHENG Jianyong2, YANG Yun2, CHEN Hongfei2
    Electric Power Construction. 2018, 39(4): 113. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000－7229.2018.04.016
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     ABSTRACT：  To increase the stability of power system with the increasing permeability of distributed generators, domestic and foreign scholars put forward virtual synchronous generator control strategy, which introduces the rotational inertia and damping characteristics of synchronous generator into traditional inverter control strategies to improve the friendliness of distributed generation. This paper proposes the power allocation method of the hybrid energy storage system with battery and ultracapacitor in virtual synchronous generator, and analyzes the setting of key parameters. Finally, this paper analyzes the power allocation effect of the hybrid energy storage system on DC-side under the conditions of constant load, step mutation and continuous change through Matlab/Simulink simulation model, which verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed power allocation scheme.
     
  •  A Solar Power Inverter with Low Voltage Storage Devices
    LI Daxing1, YU Baoxin1, LI Jiaji1, ZHANG Huadong1, LI Wenlong1, CHEN Guangyu1, NIU Meng2
    Electric Power Construction. 2018, 39(4): 119. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000－7229.2018.04.017
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     ABSTRACT： To minimize the power vibration of the solar power generation, this paper proposes the topology of isolated PV grid-connected inverter with storage devices, in which the excess energy can be stored in storage devices and the maximum power point tracking （MPPT） of smooth grid power and PV panels can be accomplished. For the proposed topology, we analyze its working principle and switching patterns are analyzed, and the control algorithm is discussed for the residual quantity of storage device, so as to establish the control algorithm and modulation strategy. The experimental results show that the proposed topology of grid-connected inverter can realize the internal DC voltage control and the complete grid connection；the proposed control strategy and modulation algorithm are proved correct and feasible.
     
  •  An Improved VSG Control Method for Energy Storage Converters
    YANG Bo1, FENG Xinzhen2, WANG Deshun2, YU Tao3, ZHANG Chenyu4
    Electric Power Construction. 2018, 39(4): 126. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000－7229.2018.04.018
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     ABSTRACT： This paper proposes the control method of improved VSG （virtual synchronous generator） control method applied to energy storage converter in AC microgrid.According to the problem of active power oscillation in traditional VSG, a virtual reactance module is added to adjust VSG external characteristic reactance with the typical direct-axis transient reactance of synchronous machine as the target value.It can improve the virtual damping coefficient of VSG, and realize the reduction of active power oscillation.According to the problem of irrational reactive power distribution in traditional VSG, the stable AC bus voltage is used as the referencial voltage  in excitation control, the method of estimating bus voltage through machine terminal voltage and line parameters is presented.The reasonable droop gain is analyzed and chosen, which realizes the active reactive power decoupling and the  rational share of reactive power.Meanwhile, the output power of reactive power can be accurately distributed according to the capacity ratio of each machine.Finally, the simulation system using the proposed method and traditional VSG control is built with MATLAB/Simulink, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed scheme is verified.
     
Administrator：State Grid Corporation of China
Sponsors：
State Grid Economic and Technological Research Institute Co. Ltd
China Power Engineering Consulting Group Co., Ltd
China Electric Power Research Institute
Editor in Chief: Zhang Quan
Associate Editor-in-Chief:KANG Chongqing, BI Tianshu, LI Hui
Executive Editor-in-Chief:YANG Weihong, SHENG Yi
Editorial Director:WEI Xihui
CN: 11-2583/TM
ISSN: 1000-7229
Address: Tower A225, SGCC, Future Science & Technology Park, Beijing 102209, China
Post Code: 102209
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Post Issue Number: 82-679
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