01 November 2019, Volume 40 Issue 11

    

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  Communication Bandwidth Prediction Based on Hybrid Queue Model for Condition Monitoring Service in Distribution Network

  WANG Zhiwei， LI Jianqi， HUANG Biyao

  Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(11): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.11.001

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  The construction of condition monitoring system in distribution network is an important part of constructing ubiquitous power internet of things. Accurate estimation of communication bandwidth is of great significance to identity business requirements and to optimize resource allocation. In view of current communication bandwidth estimation method based on queuing theory results in the limitation of bandwidth computation complexity when hybrid services coexist， a method based on G/M/1/N queue model is proposed. On the basis of the architecture of condition monitoring system and the characteristics of data service， this paper analyzes the statistical description and basic transmission rate of the inter-arrival time of mixed data service， and gives the optimal solution method of bandwidth to meet the requirements of QoS. Taking the typical condition monitoring application as an example， the quantitative evaluation process among service bandwidth， QoS and bandwidth utilization is discussed. The “small data” characteristics of the information flow in the condition monitoring network of distribution network are verified， which provides a theoretical support for the application of low-power wide-area IoT communication technology in condition monitoring.
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  Offset and Noise Elimination Technology for TMR Current Sensor

  LIU Qing，ZHANG Weixin， WANG Chong， WANG Jimeng， HOU Yucheng， ZHAO Junjie， YANG Ting

  Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(11): 8-15. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.11.002

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  The current sensors using TMR magnetic component， with the advantages of high precision， small size， and low power consumption， have good application prospects in the construction of ubiquitous power internet of things. In the practical application of TMR current detecting device， low frequency noise and offset voltage will cause quite serious effects. This paper analyzes the 1/f noise of the low-frequency circuit in the TMR current sensors， the thermal noise of the circuit and the offset noise caused by the circuit mismatch. Two noise elimination methods are proposed: the chopper circuit and the numerical self-calibration method based on automatic zeroing principle. In our experiment， the methods proposed can successfully suppress the drift voltage， providing technical support for the application of high-precision TMR current sensors in the ubiquitous power internet of things.
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  Research on Wireless Communication Access Technology for Ubiquitous Power Internet of Things

  ZHENG Xiaoqing， YING Zhanhuang， WANG Qiang， LI Yongliang， LU Zhilai

  Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(11): 16-23. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.11.003

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  In order to meet the access requirements of discrete and distributed mass power business terminals， flexible and reliable access technology is the key to realize the ubiquitous and efficient information of power business. Aiming at the problems of single interface， various types of wireless access terminals and difficulty in meeting the power specifications， in this paper， a LTE230 power terminal access technology is proposed whose purpose is to build a communication bridge between power business terminal and master system. The technology adopts the LTE230 module， and encapsulates the business data into wireless frames and transmits it to other network elements in the system by transparent transmission， and it realizes the integration of communication technology and power service. The technology is customized for power business， and it compatibles with multiple business communication interfaces， extensible， and widely used. Combined with the engineering application of power wireless private network， the access technology is verified that its accuracy rate and timeliness can meet the needs of the power business.
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  Demand-Side Transactive Energy Mechanism Considering Electric Vehicles and Controlable Loads

  LIU Weijia， WEN Fushuan， MA Li， XUE Song

  Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(11): 24-30. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.11.004

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  The ever increasing penetration of distributed renewable energy generating units imposes higher requirements for the power system， especially the distribution system. As one of the emerging market-based mechanism to coordinate distributed energy resources， transactive energy has provided a viable solution to accommodate a high penetration level of distributed renewable energy sources. Given this background， this paper focuses on transactive energy at demand-side and aims to examine appropriate mechanism design and analyze potential economic benefits. First， the overall framework of transactive energy is proposed， and the rules of energy transactions and market clearing procedures are introduced. The mathematical models of responsive demands are developed considering the characteristics of electric vehicles and controllable loads. Uncertainties are addressed through an analytic chance constrained programming reformulation method. On the basis of the presented transactive energy mechanism and demand-side models， an optimal bidding model is proposed. Finally， the effectiveness of the proposed model and method is demonstrated by case studies.
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  Application of Transactive Energy Mechanism in Prosumer Energy Management

  SHAN Junjia， LI Yang， HU Junjie

  Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(11): 31-38. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.11.005

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   The continuous increase of the permeability of photovoltaic and other renewable energy in the distribution network makes the load-side transform from a single form of electricity consumption to a prosumer resource with dual characteristics of electricity generation and consumption. With the increasing willingness of prosumers to participate in the electricity market in individual form， the traditional trading mode of centralized electricity market， which mainly focuses on the purchase of electricity by users， cannot meet the needs of market participants. In order to improve the access of distributed energy ratio， and improve the flexible control of main-body economy production， the mechanism of transactive energy support by weak centralized and decentralized market framework are proposed in this paper. Corresponding market trading model is established with the target of minimizing the cost of the electricity production and thus presents the prosumer energy management strategy. Finally， the rationality and effectiveness of the two transactive energy mechanisms proposed in this paper are proved by the calculation example and in comparison with the traditional trading mode of power market.
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  Coordinated Economic Scheduling for Multi-Regional Integrated Energy System Considering Energy Exchange Between Sub-Regions

  WU Jiahao，ZENG Chengbi，MIAO Hong

  Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(11): 39-47. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.11.006

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  In traditional mode， multi-regional integrated energy system often operated individually due to geographical dispersion and lacks coordination between sub-regions， which causes an unreasonable resource allocation inevitably and is not conducive to economic scheduling of each sub-region. Firstly， a cooperative economic scheduling model for multi-region integrated energy system is proposed， which not only meets the energy demand of each sub-region， but also realizes the complementation of electric power and thermal power between different sub-regions. Secondly， a distributed optimization is used to solve the model. Finally， comparing the coordinated mode with the traditional non-coordinated mode， the simulation results show that， in the coordinated mode， different regions could distribute energy reasonably by exchanging electric power and thermal power and realize the economic operation of integrated energy system. The validity of the model is verified from three aspects: total energy demand， energy storage scheduling results and energy exchange of energy hubs between different regions.
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  A New Control Strategy of Interlinking Converter in Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid

  ZHU Yongqiang,ZHANG Quan,LIU Kang,WANG Zhi， HAN Minxiao

  Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(11): 48-54. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.11.007

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  The hybrid AC/DC microgrid is one of the development directions of power grid in the future. In order to support each others power in the microgrid on both sides， a new control strategy of interlinking converter is proposed in this paper. A two-stage interlinking converter is used to solve the problem of interconnection between DC and AC microgrids when the voltage level of DC microgrid is low， and the DC microgrid can operate normally even when the voltage varies in a large range. According to the characteristics of the two-stage interlinking converter， mathematical relationship between the frequency of AC microgrid and the voltage of DC capacitor is derived. The droop control of voltage error-power is adopted in the power control loop， and the power support of the subnetworks on both sides can be realized without communication. PSCAD simulation result verifies the effectiveness of the control strategy.
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  Two-Stage Robust Optimization Model for Spinning Reserve Capacity Considering Demand Response and Uncertainty of Wind Power

  DONG Jun，NIE Linpeng，NIE Shilin，YANG Peiwen，FU Anyuan，HUANG Hui

  Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(11): 55-64. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.11.008

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  Large-scale grid-connection of new energy represented by wind power threatens the stable operation of traditional power system， and it also has new requirements on the allocation of reserve capacity. Under the background of new power reform and energy demand-side reform， more and more attention has been paid to user-side demand-response resources in reserve capacity allocation by virtue of their flexibility and operability. Therefore， this paper proposes a two-stage robust optimization model with minimum scheduling cost and reserve cost as the objective function from the perspective of price and incentive-based demand response participating in spare capacity optimization. C&CG algorithm is used to decompose it into the main problem of optimal allocation of day-ahead reserve capacity and the sub-problem of real-time reserve power allocation considering the uncertainty of wind power. AD algorithm is used to calculate the sub-problem and find the “worst point” to improve the solving efficiency. The results of numerical examples verify the validity and correctness of the model. It has shown that demand response as a flexible regulation resource can effectively promote the absorption of wind power and reduce the cost of system scheduling and standby.
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  High Fault-Tolerant Fast State-Estimation Method Based on SDAE-ELM Pseudo-Measurement Modeling

  CHEN Fangjian， WANG Yubin， CHEN Qifang， XIA Mingchao， YANG Xiaonan， HAN Feng

  Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(11): 65-72. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.11.009

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  In the cases that the phasor measurement units (PMUs) cannot be deployed with all buses in the power system， the traditional nonlinear state estimation needs to be carried out by using the hybrid measurement of PMU and supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA). SCADA data are low accurate and have bad data， and the iterative solution process of mixed data will lead to low computational efficiency and truncation error. In order to solve this problem， a high fault-tolerant fast state-estimation method for power systems on the basis of stack denoising auto-encoder (SDAE) and extreme learning machine (ELM) pseudo-measurement modeling is proposed in this paper. The SCADA measurement data with bad measurement are used as the input of the SDAE-ELM pseudo-measurement model， and the real and imaginary parts of the bus voltage phasors are used as outputs， the pseudo-measurement value and the pseudo-measurement error model are obtained by training the historical data. The pseudo measurement with high precision is obtained after the training and then the pseudo-measurement and PMU measurement are used for fast linear state estimation. The simulation results show that the proposed method improves the computational efficiency and verify the effectiveness of the proposed method on the basis of ensuring the estimation accuracy.
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  Station-Network Collaborative Planning Based on Power-Heat-Gas Multi-Energy Flow of RIES

  HUANG Wei，LIU Siqi，YE Bo，YANG Zili

  Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(11): 73-86. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.11.010

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  With the development of integrated energy system (IES)， the interaction among energy stations， networks and loads is closer. Therefore， it is more reasonable to consider different types of load demand and the coupling of energy equipment when coordinating the capacity， location and grid structure of energy stations in IES planning. On the basis of the power-heat-gas multi-energy flow， this paper establishes a two-level model of station-network cooperative planning. The upper-level model is an improved p-median model to minimize the construction and operation cost of energy stations and three-network pipelines. The loss cost of electric， heating and gas networks calculated by the power-heat-gas multi-energy flow is added to the energy distance， and the decision variables are the location， capacity of energy stations and grid structure. The lower-level model is a multi-objective optimization model considering economy， environmental protection and reliability of energy supply. The output values are dispatched to the multi-energy flow as initial data. The greedy-variable neighborhood cobweb (GVNC) algorithm and the improved MOPSO algorithm are used to solve the model， which can improve the computational efficiency and obtain the global optimal solution. The effectiveness of the proposed model and algorithm is verified by an example.
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  Pricing Method Based on Value Analysis of Multi-Energy Systems for Energy Internet Operators

  DONG Ruibiao， LIU Yongxiao， HUANG Wujing， YANG Sheng， JIN Yang， ZHANG Ning

  Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(11): 87-96. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.11.011

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  A reasonable business model is essential to the construction and sustainable operation of energy internet. This paper aims to propose a practicable business model to realize rational distribution of value created by energy internet among multiple investors and consumers， which is helpful to promote them to participate actively in the investment and operation of energy internet. This paper presents a pricing method for energy internet operators on the basis of the value analysis of multi-energy systems (MES). Firstly， the value created by MES compared with traditional energy systems is calculated quantitatively by establishing mathematical model. Then， the created value is distributed among the operators and consumers in a certain proportion， which is based on specific cases， resulting in corresponding business model and tariff. Finally， a case study is carried out on the basis of the actual data of an MES in Taiyuan， Shanxi Province， to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
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  Mechanism， Feature and Value Analysis of Virtual Bidding and Up-to Congestion

  ZHANG Guanglun， ZHONG Haiwang， CHEN Lianfu， FAN Menghua

  Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(11): 97-105. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.11.012

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  As an important part of electricity markets， the electricity financial derivatives have different trading mechanisms and trading periods. Among them， electricity options and futures are traded independently from the electricity spot market， while virtual bidding (VB) and Up-to congestion (UTC) are traded completely in the spot market. The basic concepts and trading mechanism of VB and UTC are introduced in this paper. The features and values are analyzed combined with the actual data in electricity financial markets abroad， and the prospect of electricity financial market developing in China is discussed.
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  Bidding Strategy of A Virtual Power Plant Considering Copula Risk Dependence of Electricity and Carbon Prices

  YAN Yuan1， LIN Hongji1， WEN Fushuan1， GONG Jianrong2， LI Daoqiang2， CHEN Cheng2

  Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(11): 106-115. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.11.013

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  As an emerging market to promote greenhouse gas emission reduction， carbon emissions trading has gradually become a significant factor affecting the profits of generation companies. Carbon emission quotas in the carbon market have typical characteristics of financial products. The fluctuation of carbon price and its interaction with electricity price will inevitably bring risk to the bidding decision of a generation company. Given this background， a virtual power plant (VPP) with thermal power units， distributed generation units， electric vehicles and demand-side resources integrated in the same region is addressed first， and the uncertainties faced by the VPP are measured by the conditional-value-at-risk (CVaR). Then， according to the Copula-CVaR theory， the Copula function is employed to model the joint probability distribution of electricity price and carbon price. With the objective of minimizing the CVaR， a bidding strategy for a virtual power plant considering the risk dependence on the electricity and carbon prices is presented. Finally， a sample system with four scenarios is employed to demonstrate the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed method for characterizing the bidding risk of the VPP.
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  Comprehensive Evaluation of Urban Re-electrification Potential Applying Group Decision Theory

  LI Hao，LI Wen，WANG Linyu，LIN Jingyi，LIU Chang，TANG Wei

  Electric Power Construction. 2019, 40(11): 116-125. https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1000-7229.2019.11.014

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  In view of the characteristics of wide coverage and complex influencing factors of urban re-electrification potential assessment， this paper studies the assessment index of urban re-electrification potential and comprehensive assessment method based on group decision theory. By studying and analyzing the factors such as economy， technology， environment， market and policy that affect the potential of urban re-electrification， and combining with development and application of urban energy and realization approach of its re-electrification， a multi-level and multi-dimensional urban re-electrification potential evaluation index system， which is concerned to new energy， integrated management system， demand side response， etc.， is constructed from the perspectives of source， network and load， and the indicators are quantitatively analyzed. For the hierarchical and diversity of indicators， weights are determined on the basis of group decision theory and attribute importance. Considering the incompleteness and uncertainty of the information of urban re-electrification potential assessment indices， the intuitionistic fuzzy coefficient is used for processing it. On this basis， applying the combined weighted group decision method， a comprehensive evaluation method for urban re-electrification potential assessment is proposed. The feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by the simulation analysis of an example.