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01 June 2022, Volume 43 Issue 6
    

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    Energy Power Economy and Market Mechanism Driven by Dual Carbon Targets?Hosted by Professor WEN Fushuan and Professor LIU Dunnan?
  • ZHANG Jing, LIN Yujun, QI Xiaoguang, MIAO Shihong, ZHANG Qianmao, DONG Jiasheng, CHEN Yu
    ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION. 2022, 43(6): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2022.06.001
    Abstract ( ) Download PDF ( ) HTML ( )   Knowledge map   Save

    With the proposal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, the intensity of government-led carbon regulation is increasing. As the main body of carbon emission reduction, the power system will face the constraint of carbon tax and carbon trading combined carbon emission reduction policy. The low-carbon economic dispatch method for power system is studied, which takes into account the substitution effect of carbon tax and carbon trading, can coordinate and improve the low-carbon and economic efficiency of system operation, and has important theoretical and practical significance. On the basis of the analysis on the characteristics of carbon trading price fluctuations, this paper firstly uses the random scenario method to describe the uncertainty of carbon trading prices, and then models the step-type carbon tax and the substitution effect of carbon trading. After that, a two-stage low-carbon economic scheduling model of coordinated optimization of carbon capture equipment and energy storage power station is established, and the model is solved by piecewise function linearization and bat algorithm. Finally, a simulation analysis is carried out applying the actual parameters of a certain area. The numerical results show that the proposed model can effectively improve the low carbon economic level of system operation.

  • ZHANG Jing, LIN Yujun, QI Xiaoguang, MIAO Shihong, ZHANG Qianmao, DONG Jiasheng, CHEN Yu
    ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION. 2022, 43(6): 1-11. https://doi.org/10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2022.06.001
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     With the proposal of carbon peak and carbon neutrality, the intensity of government-led carbon regulation is increasing. As the main body of carbon emission reduction, the power system will face the constraint of carbon tax and carbon trading combined carbon emission reduction policy. The low-carbon economic dispatch method for power system is studied, which takes into account the substitution effect of carbon tax and carbon trading, can coordinate and improve the low-carbon and economic efficiency of system operation, and has important theoretical and practical significance. On the basis of the analysis on the characteristics of carbon trading price fluctuations, this paper firstly uses the random scenario method to describe the uncertainty of carbon trading prices, and then models the step-type carbon tax and the substitution effect of carbon trading. After that, a two-stage low-carbon economic scheduling model of coordinated optimization of carbon capture equipment and energy storage power station is established, and the model is solved by piecewise function linearization and bat algorithm. Finally, a simulation analysis is carried out applying the actual parameters of a certain area. The numerical results show that the proposed model can effectively improve the low carbon economic level of system operation.
  • Energy Power Economy and Market Mechanism Driven by Dual Carbon Targets?Hosted by Professor WEN Fushuan and Professor LIU Dunnan?
  • ZHU Tinghu, LIU Yang, XU Lixiong, RAO Ping, LI Zhenwei, WU Han
    ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION. 2022, 43(6): 12-23. https://doi.org/10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2022.06.002
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    The traditional centralized transaction mode has some defects, such as high operating cost and information insecurity, when dealing with high frequency and small amount of electricity transaction in microgrid cluster. Therefore, this paper proposes a distributed electricity transaction model of microgrid cluster applying blockchain technology, and designs the corresponding smart contract. Firstly, for the deficiency that unified pricing charging method of network fee is not fairly allocated to each transaction according to the actual operating cost of distribution network, a dynamic network fee model considering multiple operation costs of distribution network is proposed on the basis of power transfer distribution factors. Secondly, in order to ensure the preference of market subjects, an objective strategy function of power purchase considering user credit preference is established, and the improved particle swarm algorithm is used to solve matching process of transaction. Thirdly, this paper adopts self-adaptive aggressive strategy to update the quotation for transaction efficiency, and proposes the multi-round rolling constraint checking method to maintain safe operation of distribution network. Ultimately, the relevant case studies verify the rationality of the proposed model and smart contract.

  • YANG Xue, JIN Xiaojun, WANG Haiyang, WEI Yifei
    ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION. 2022, 43(6): 24-33. https://doi.org/10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2022.06.003
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    The current trading system for renewable energy is immature. The green certificate system has not performed well in encouraging the integration of renewable energy into the grid and alleviating the pressure of financial subsidies. The current carbon market has no obvious effect on promoting emission reduction. In order to solve the above problems, this paper proposes a joint incentive mechanism for green certificates and carbon trading market applying blockchain. The decentralization, openness and transparency of blockchain are used to combine with the renewable energy trading market to make the renewable energy market more transparent and convenient and safety. In order to motivate market entities who contribute to emission reduction, the consensus algorithm in blockchain is studied, and a PoCT consensus algorithm suitable for consortium blockchain is proposed to encourage market entities to participate in the transaction of renewable energy products, while solving traditional N@S attack problem in the PoS consensus mechanism and the fairness of reward distribution. Simulation results show that PoCT can effectively incentivize renewable energy trading with high efficiency.

  • LI Xiaogang, YANG Libing, WU Min, WAN Jiahao, FENG Donghan, ZHOU Yun
    ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION. 2022, 43(6): 34-42. https://doi.org/10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2022.06.004
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    Inter-provincial interconnected large power grid can realize the optimal allocation of power resources on a larger scale and improve the consumption capacity of renewable energy. Under the current national unified market system of unified market and two-level operation, the inter-provincial transaction results of the inter-provincial market will be used as the boundary for the provincial market clearing. However, in a regional synchronous grid, if the power of AC inter-provincial tie lines is directly regarded as the injection power of boundary nodes in the provincial market, the power flow model will deviate from the actual power flow, and there will even be a problem of power flow violations. This paper firstly proposes the use of direct-dispatch units, which are directly dispatched by regional dispatch agencies to deal with the above-mentioned problem of power flow violations. Then, by analyzing the differences in the power flow models of the provincial and inter-provincial markets, this paper proposes to use the power of the inter-provincial tie lines and the phase angle differences of the boundary nodes as the boundary conditions of the provincial market at the same time, which realizes the correct calculation of power flow in the provincial market, thereby avoiding the problem of power flow violations. The effectiveness and feasibility of the above two solutions are verified and analyzed based on IEEE 39-bus system.

  • DIAO Li, LI Guang, SONG Xueying, DE Gejirifu, TAN Zhongfu
    ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION. 2022, 43(6): 43-55. https://doi.org/10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2022.06.005
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    Under the “double carbon” target, new energy has been developed on a large scale. The development of new energy has brought an impact on various energy subjects. How to quantitatively evaluate the impact of new energy penetration on energy subjects has become a research focus. Firstly, this paper builds a new energy output model based on a set of typical scenarios applying the improved K-means algorithm. Then, the decision-making optimization model for thermal power generators, power grids, users, and energy storage operators is constructed. Secondly, this paper constructs a benefit evaluation model for multiple energy entities, which considers the penetration of new energy sources. Finally, a numerical example is analyzed, and the result of the numerical example verifies the validity of the model.

  • Core Equipment of DC Power Grid ?Hosted by Associate Professor SONG Qiang, Associate Professor YU Zhanqing and Associate Professor ZHAO Biao?
  • ZHANG Chaofeng, ZHANG Weichen, RAO Yufei, XIA Qiu, LI Chenghao, BAO Chaobin
    ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION. 2022, 43(6): 56-65. https://doi.org/10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2022.06.006
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    As an inherent drawback of LCC-UHVDC, commutation failure often causes dramatic reactive power fluctuation in the AC power grid both on the rectifier side and the inverter side. The application of bypass pair is one of the important control strategies of DC system protection. When a fault occurs in the HVDC system, the switch of bypass pair after the protection action of the inverter side will help to achieve the purpose of stopping the HVDC system quickly and isolating the fault. At present, the research of bypass pair is mainly focused on the application under DC fault cases, whereas the application of that in commutation failure is lacking. According to the analysis of the impact of bypass control on the voltage characteristics on the rectifier side and the inverter side, this paper demonstrates the contribution of reasonable bypass control on improving the voltage characteristics of UHVDC transmission line after commutation failure. And a bypass pair control scheme is proposed, which takes the commutation failure in inverter valves and the reduction of AC bus voltage as the initialization criterion to dynamically adjust DC current. Then, the bypass pair will quit as the system recovering. The effectiveness of the proposed bypass pair control scheme on isolating AC and DC systems and reliving the reactive power and the voltage fluctuation during the transient process of AC system fault is verified in PSCAD/EMTDC.

  • LIANG Zhuohang, SHI Chun, LI Yansong, LIU Jun
    ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION. 2022, 43(6): 66-74. https://doi.org/10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2022.06.007
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    With the large-scale access of new energy, the power grid presents the characteristics of strong DC system and weak AC system. When commutation failure occurs in HVDC transmission system, transient overvoltage will appear in weak sending end system. Since STATCOM responds to the change of grid voltage through the command of control link, the lag of its control link will lead to the enhancement of transient overvoltage by STATCOM. Firstly, in view of this phenomenon, this paper analyzes the generation mechanism of AC transient overvoltage in weak sending end system under commutation failure. Secondly, by analyzing the frequency response characteristics, theoretical derivation of STATCOM response delay time is given. Finally, an optimization strategy based on damped switching is proposed to suppress STATCOM’s increasing effect on overvoltage response, and the effectiveness of the optimization strategy is verified by simulation. This work is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51277066) and State Grid Corporation of China Research Program (No. 5102-201956301A-0-0-00).

  • ZHANG Guihong, WANG Chen, ZHANG Xiangcheng, WANG Shibin, BAI Zuoxia, ZHANG Zhongfeng
    ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION. 2022, 43(6): 75-83. https://doi.org/10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2022.06.008
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    In order to improve the operating performance of half bridge - full bridge hybrid modular multi-level converter (MMC) with small quantities of submodules and promote its application in medium and low voltage fields such as DC distribution grids, a novel full-level modulation (FLM) strategy is proposed in this paper. The full-level output capability of full-bridge submodule (FBSM) is utilized in the proposed FLM, where a selected FBSM in arm operates in the “PWM mode”. The obtained full-level PWM wave is superimposed with the original step wave to further approximate the sine modulation wave. The operating mode of submodules is determined by the voltage sorting result, and at any time, there are two FBSMs in the phase unit operating in the “PWM mode”, outputting complementary full-level PWM waves. The results of simulation based on Matlab/Simulink and physical experiment reveal that the quality of voltage and current on AC side under FLM is much higher than that of the conventional nearest level modulation strategy. Compared with the carrier phase-shifted pulse width modulation, FLM performs better in terms of operating loss, control complexity and circulating current, which can satisfy the modulation requirements of medium and low voltage fields.

  • Power System Planning
  • XU Jiayin, WANG Tao, WANG Jiaqing, LIU Chen, MA Yinghao
    ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION. 2022, 43(6): 84-92. https://doi.org/10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2022.06.009
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    Aiming at the distribution network with microgrid, a distribution network planning method considering the flexibility resource attribute of microgrids is proposed. The flexibility resource attribute of microgrids is considered from substation planning and grid planning. Firstly, the mathematical models of flexible resources in microgrids are established and then the external equivalent model of microgrids is formed. Then, the flexibility resources are considered by updating the constant volume formula and adding constraints in network planning. Finally, a distribution network programming model with minimum investment and operating cost as the objective function is established and it is solved by improved genetic algorithm. Case study is designed according to the area to be planned with three microgrids. The results show that the planning method proposed in the paper can improve the system transmission flexibility with a small increase in cost, so when the distributed power supply fluctuates or the load forecast is inaccurate during the operation of the distribution network in the future, the line will have enough flexibility for the main network or the microgrid to transmit power, which proves the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed model.

  • CHEN Zexi, WANG Pu, XIAO Wanfang, JIA Dongqiang, GENG Xinyang, YANG Li
    ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION. 2022, 43(6): 93-100. https://doi.org/10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2022.06.010
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    Flexible multi-state switch (FMS) has an important advantage in improving the operation control ability of distribution network and improving renewable energy access. The existing FMS planning methods in distribution network do not consider the coordinated configuration of FMS and distributed generation (DG) in detail, and the reliability improvement brought by FMS access is not considered. To this end, this paper considers the cooperative optimal operation of distribution network with FMS and DG in detail, fully takes into account the reliability benefits brought by FMS access, and constructs a two-level optimal configuration model based on nested optimization for sizing and siting of FMS and DG. Aiming at the complexity of solving two-level nested programming model, a model solving strategy based on the combination of improved particle swarm optimization and general algebraic modeling language (GAMS) is proposed. The effectiveness of the proposed model and method is verified on an improved IEEE 33-node example system. The results show that the proposed method has better economy than the traditional FMS planning method because it can reduce the annual comprehensive cost of distribution network to the greatest extent, and reduce the loss of users due to power failure.

  • Smart Grid
  • WANG Da, ZHAO Ying, NI Jiahua, LING Yonghui, XIANG Ji, ZHENG Tingting
    ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION. 2022, 43(6): 101-109. https://doi.org/10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2022.06.011
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    Aiming at the problems of the inertia reduction and reactive power regulation deterioration under the large-scale penetration of renewable energy, a flexible control strategy for energy storage assisting synchronous generators is proposed. Meanwhile, the energy storage is configured at the terminal bus of the synchronous generator, and these two measures form a unified power source: a flexible generator whose equivalent inertia, internal impedance, and damping are changeable. Under the proposed control strategy, the energy storage works in the easy-to-implement current source mode, increasing the inertia and damping of the flexible generator, improving the voltage dynamics, and providing targeted reactive power support in the steady-state. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the proposed strategy.

  • CONG Fanping, ZHOU Jianping, MAO Dajun, QI Guoqing, HUANG Zufan
    ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION. 2022, 43(6): 110-118. https://doi.org/10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2022.06.012
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    In this paper,an improved teaching and learning algorithm based on roulette wheel selection and adaptive Corsi variation strategy is proposed to solve the convergence and diversity problems of the traditional intelligent algorithm and it is applied to the reactive power optimization of power system with electric energy router (EER). The algorithm introduces roulette selection method in the learning phase to improve the learning efficiency of the group, and adopts adaptive Cauchy mutation strategy after the teaching to enhance the diversity of the class population, which avoids falling into local optimal solutions in the iterative process. Then, a reactive power optimization model is established with the objective function of minimizing active network loss and voltage deviation. The modified IEEE RTS-79 standard test system is used as an example for simulation analysis. The results show that the improved algorithm has both convergence and diversity, which has better optimization effect than the traditional algorithm.

  • MA Chenxiao, DAI Zemei, HU Chaofan, LUO Yuchun, WANG Yi, ZHANG Xiaocong, SHAN Xin
    ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION. 2022, 43(6): 119-127. https://doi.org/10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2022.06.013
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    Extreme natural disasters such as typhoons and earthquakes will easily destroy operating equipment and leading to large-scale fault of the power grid and power outages, so there is an urgent need for effective measures to assist the dispatching of complex power grid in order to prevent and deal with the faults caused by disasters. In this paper, the current coordinated control technology of generation-grid-load three sides after the fault of the high-voltage grid is introduced. In addition, according to the calculation of connectivity of weak links between and in stations, the resilient power grid construction technology which include network strengthening strategies for the hot standby lines operation and the bus tie switches closing with their technical implementation methods are proposed in detail. Finally, case studies on the high-voltage grid model of A province power grid prove that the strategy can effectively reduce the loss of power grid fault and provide reasonable auxiliary decision-making for power grid dispatching work.

  • WANG Pingping, XU Jianzhong, YAN Qingyou, LIN Hongyu
    ELECTRIC POWER CONSTRUCTION. 2022, 43(6): 128-140. https://doi.org/10.12204/j.issn.1000-7229.2022.06.014
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    In order to solve the problem of building microgrid consuming renewable energy where distributed generation and flexible load resources are integrated, this paper takes electric vehicles as flexible resources, and constructs a scheduling optimization model for building microgrids considering demand response and charging/discharging uncertainty. Firstly, the price-based demand-response model and incentive-based demand-response model of flexible load resources are constructed. Secondly, the electric vehicle is regarded as an integrator of production and consumption, and Markov chain and information gap decision theory (IGDT) are used to deal with the uncertainties of charging and discharging, respectively. Finally, the deterministic scheduling optimization model is constructed by maximizing the net revenue of the system, photovoltaic accommodation, users’ satisfaction, and minimizing carbon dioxide emissions. The effectiveness of the constructed optimization model is verified by example analysis. The model not only enhances the clean energy accommodation rate of the system and reduces carbon dioxide emissions, but also can bring certain benefits to users, tap the potential of flexible load resources to participate in microgrid scheduling, and realize finally the win-win benefits of both supply and demand sides.